HIM135 Ch6 Key Terms and Abbreviations
About this set
Created by:
magpienight on July 5, 2012
Subjects:
health information management, him, rhit, rhia, ahima, mrc, medical coding, medical pathology, diseases, medical terminology, health information technology, medical records, information management
Description:
Diseases in a Flash! Sharon Eagle
Classes:
HIM135 Med Path, Diseases in a Flash
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78 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ataxia | Lack of coordination |
| Aura | Sensory warning prior to the onset of a migraine headache or seizure |
| Autonomic dysreflexia | Serious nervous system response in those with spinal cord lesions to sensations that normally would be felt as painful; may progress to stroke |
| Bradykinesia | Slow, hesitating pattern of movement |
| Cognition | Thinking that includes language use, calculation, perception, memory, awareness, reasoning, judgement, learning, intellect, social skills and imagination |
| Contrecoup | Type of injury in which there is a rapid acceleration followed by a deceleration, which throws the brain forward and backward in the skull |
| Delerium | Acute, reversible state of agitated confusion marked by disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions |
| Hemiparalysis | One-sided paralysis |
| Hemiparesis | Altered sensation on one side of the body |
| Ischemia | Temporary deficiency in blood supply |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical released by an axon terminal (end of a neuron) to inhibit or excite a target cell |
| Nuchal rigidity | Pain and stiffness of the neck with a resulting reluctance to files the head forward |
| Nystagmus | involuntary back-and-forth or circular eye movement |
| Paresthesia | Altered sensation, such as numbness, stinging, or burning, that results from injury to nerves |
| Phonophobia | sensitivity to sound |
| Photophobia | sensitivity to light |
| Transient Ischemic Attacks | Temporary strokelike symptoms caused by a brief interruption of blood supply to a part of the brain |
| Unilateral | pertaining to one side |
| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| ANS | Automatic Nervous System |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG | electroencephalography |
| EMG | electromyography |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| LP | lumbar puncture |
| MS | multiple sclerosis |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| Dementia - definition | Neurological disorder characterized by chronic, progressive, irreversible decline in mental function (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Dementia - onset, course and duration | Onset: slow, course: long, duration: years (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Dementia - effects on memory | Short-term memory loss in early stages and remote memory loss in later stages (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Dementia - effects on thought processes | Impaired judgement, difficulty finding words, difficulty performing familiar tasks (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Dementia - effects on perception | Usually no effects (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Dementia - effects on psychomotor behaviors | Usually no effects in the early stages (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Dementia - effects on sleep patterns | Impairment and fragmentation (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| What conditions are sometimes confused with dementia? | Delerium and Depression |
| Delerium - definition | Acute, reversible state of agitated confusion marked by disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Delerium - onset, course and duration | Onset: sudden, course: short, fluctuating, and commonly worse at night, duration: hours to days, usually less than 1 month (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Delerium - effects on memory | Possible impairment of immediate and recent memory (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Delerium - effects on thought processes | Distortion and disorganization, easy distracting from tasks (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Delerium - effects on perception | Distortion, delusions, and hallucinations (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Delerium - effects on psychomotor behaviors | Possible alternation between hyperactivity (agitation, combative behavior) and hypoactivity (inattention, inability to follow directions or converse) (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Delerium - effects on sleep patterns | Impairment, with day and night cycles commonly reversed (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Depression - definition | Mood disorder marked by loss of interest or pleasure in living (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Depression - onset, course and duration | Onset: slow, course: slow, duration: weeks to years (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Depression - effects on memory | Variable effect, with episodes of poor memory mixed with clear memory (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Depression - effects on thought processes | Bleak outlook, apathy, difficulty focusing on tasks (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Depression - effects on perception | Usually no effects (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Depression - effects on psychomotor behaviors | Usually no effects (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| Depression - effects on sleep patterns | Impairment, possibly too much or too little sleep, commonly involving early morning awakenings (box 6-4 pg 154) |
| What is nystagmus a sign of? | Skull fracture |
| What are the signs and symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia? | Hypertension, profuse sweating above the spinal cord lesion, severe, throbbing headache, blurred vision, apprehensiveness, nausea |
| Subdural hematoma | A collection of blood between the dura mater (outer meningeal membrane of the CNS) and the arachnoid (middle or second layer of the meninges) |
| Epidural hematona | A collection of blood between the dura mater (outer meningeal membrane of the CNS) and the skull. |
| What is nuchal rigidity a sign of? | Meningitis |
| The CNS is made up of the... | Brain and spinal cord |
| The three main sections of the brain | Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem |
| The largest portion of the brain | Cerebrum |
| Where is the cerebellum located in the head? | Lower posterior portion |
| What are the three functions of neurons? | Sense changes, transmit messages, facilitate movement |
| What are the dendrites and what do they do? | Extensions of the cell body, they receive information and send impulses. |
| Purpose of the axons... | To transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body |
| What is the function of the myelin sheath? | It provides insulation to the axon; along with nodes of Ranvier, enables axon to conduct impulses at rapid rate |
| What is the purpose of the meninges? | To provide supportive structure for small blood vessels on the brain's surface. To protect the brain and spinal cord by housing CSF. |
| What is the function of CSF? | It circulates and provides cushion to protect against injury from impact |
| The Peripheral Nervous System has how many pairs of spinal nerves? How are they named and what do they correspond to? What are the associated areas of skin called? | 31 pairs of spinal nerves, each named for and correspond to vertebra above it. Associated areas of skin: dermatome. |
| The Peripheral Nervous System has how many cranial nerves? Where do they originate and what do they innervate? What nerves are included in the PNS other than the spinal and cranial? | 12 cranial nerves, originate in brain and brain stem; innervate eyes, ears, nose, face, tongue; throat and neck muscles. Other nerves include ones in arms and legs. |
| What are the three parts of a neuron? | Cell body, dendrites and axon. Sometimes a myelin sheath covers the axon. |
| What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) control? | Involuntary functions. Its motor nerves control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands such as sweat and salivary |
| The ANS is divided into the _____ and _____ nervous systems | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| What response is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? | The survival response known as fight-or-flight |
| What type of response does the parasympathetic nervous system create, and at what times does it dominate? | A response opposite from fight-or-flight, dominates during non stressful times. |
| How many variation are there of poliomyelitis? | Four. Some lead to paralysis, some do not. |
| What injury will show a salt-and-pepper appearance on a CT scan? | Cerebral contusion. Tiny hemmorhages give that appearance. |
| What type of hematoma is between the dura mater and the skull? | Epidural hematoma |
| What type of hematoma us between the dura mater and the arachnoid? | Subdural hematoma |
| Poliomyelitis can be looked up in the code book under this... | Infantile paralysis |
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