A & P Heart 1 Lab
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cardiovascular system | transports oxygen, digested foods, cell wastes, electrolytes, and many other substances vital to the body's homeostasis to and from body cells |
| heart | cone-shaped organ approximately the size of a fist located within the mediastinum of the thorax |
| apex | pointed extends slightly to the left and rests on the diaphragm |
| base | great vessels emerge from it lies beneath the second rib and points toward the right shoulder |
| apical pulse | may be heard in the 5th intercostal space at the point of maximal intensity (PMI) |
| pericardium | double-walled fibrous sac |
| epicardium (visceral pericardium) | closely applied to the heart muscle |
| parietal pericardium (fibrous pericardium) | outer serous membrane attached at the heart apex to the diaphragm |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium that causes painful adhesions between the serous pericardial layers interfering with heart movements |
| myocardium | cardiac muscle |
| fibrous skeleton of the heart | dense fibrous connective tissue network that reinforces myocardium |
| endocardium | thin serous endothelium that lines the atria and ventricles |
| interatrial or interventricular septum | divides the heart longitudinally (name depends on which chambers it partitions) |
| atria | receiving chambers right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood via the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus |
| pulmonary veins | 4 deliver oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
| ventricles | force blood out of the heart into large arteries that emerge from the base right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk which routes blood to the lungs to be oxygenated left ventricle discharges blood into the aorta, from which all systemic arteries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues |
| atrioventricular (AV) valves | enforce one way blood flow prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting left-mitral (bicuspid) valve-consists of two cusps of endocardium right-tricuspid valve-3 cusps |
| chordae tendineae | heart strings tiny white collagenic cords that anchor the cusps to the ventricular walls originate from small bundles of cardiac muscle called papillary muscles |
| diastole | the period of ventricular filling |
| systole | when the ventricles contract |
| pulmonary and aortic (semilunar, SL) valves | each composed of 3 pocketlike cusps guard the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers |
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