Pharmacology Test 3 - Cardiovascular Drugs, Part I
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123 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 heart failure | What is the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body (oxygen and nutrients)? |
| Coronary Artery Disease | What is the most common cause of heart failure? |
| Hypertension | What is the second leading cause of heart failure? |
| cardiomyopathy | What is the weakening of the heart muscle or a change in heart muscle structure that is often associated with inadequate heart pumping or other heart function problems such as heart failure? |
| heart failure | If you administer excessive IV fluids, what may happen to your patient? |
| heart failure | A patient with diabetes, obesity, or faulty heart valves will be at an increased risk for? |
| heart failure | A patient enters the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath and a feeling of weariness, tiredness, and lack of energy. During your assessment you notice peripheral edema and auscultate adventitious lung sounds for which you suspect fluid build up, these are cardinal manifestations of what? |
| Digoxin | What is the only commonly used drug derived from the foxglove plant used to treat the symptoms heart failure? |
| Digoxin | Which drug is a positive inotrophic agent used to treat heart failure? |
| Digoxin | Which drug increases strength of myocardial contraction causing an increase in cardiac output and decrease in oxygen demand? |
| Digoxin | Which drugs MOA slows the rate of ventricular contraction by decreasing impulse formation in the SA node? |
| Digoxin | Which drug indirectly stimulates the vagal response? |
| Digoxin | An important nursing intervention before administering this drug is to check the apical pulse for a full minute prior to each dose. |
| Digoxin | Which drug has a therapeutic range of 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL? |
| Digoxin | Which drug should you not administer if the apical pulse is less than 60? |
| Digoxin | A patient comes to the emergency room complaining of blurred yellow vision and halos around lights. When assessing this elderly patient he states that he has a history of atrial fibrillation. You immediate concern is toxicity of which drug? |
| Digoxin | Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an electrolyte that is important to the function of the nerve and muscle cells, including the heart. This condition will predispose a patient to toxicity for what cardiovascular drug? |
| Digoxin | Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone. The thyroid hormones T3 and T4 help regulate your body's metabolism and how you use energy. This condition predisposes a patient to toxicity for which drug? |
| Digoxin | Which drug is used to treat Congestive Heart Failure, atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter? |
| Digoxin | Hypoxia due to heart or lung disease will predispose a patient to toxicity of which drug? |
| Digoxin | An important nursing implication for this drug is to make sure the blood levels are drawn prior to each dose. |
| Digoxin | An important nursing implication of this drug is to give doses at the same time each day. |
| Digoxin | Doses of which drug may have to be reduced in elderly patients due to decreased renal function? |
| Digoxin | Which drug is entirely secreted by the kidneys? |
| Digoxin | Antiacids, laxatives, and neomycin (an antibotic) decrease the absorption of which drug when given orally? |
| Digoxin | Which drug may have to be decreased by 50% when given with Quinidine, Amiodarone, Calan, and Nifedipine? |
| Digibind | What is the antidote given intravenously for serious digoxin overdose? |
| Digoxin | Potassium chloride, lidocaine, and atropine can be given for less serious toxicity of which drug? |
| Nesiritide | Which drug is a human B-type natriuretic peptide? |
| Nesiritide | Which drug was the first in the Human B-Type Natriuretic Peptide drugs to be used in the management of heart failure? |
| Nesiritide | Which drug is identical to BNP (human b-type natriuretic peptide)? |
| Nesiritide | Which drug reduces preload and afterload and increases diuresis and secretion of sodium? |
| BNP (b-type natriuretic peptide) | What is secreted by the ventricles in response to fluid and pressure overload? |
| Nesiritide | Which drug is given intravenously with a bolus followed by a continuous infusion with an onset of action that is immediate with peak effects at 15 minutes? |
| diuresis | What is the increased production of urine by the kidney? |
| dysrythmias | What is a term for any of a large and heterogeneous group of conditions in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the heart. The heart beat may be too fast or too slow, and may be regular or irregular. Some are life-threatening medical emergencies that can result in cardiac arrest and sudden death. Others cause symptoms such as an abnormal awareness of heart beat (palpitations), and may be merely annoying. Still others may not be associated with any symptoms at all, but predispose toward potentially life-threatening stroke or embolus. |
| Digoxin | As a nurse you should instruct your patient to take his or her pulse before each dose, take it at the same time everyday, and do not double the dose if they happen to miss one? |
| Coreg | Which drug is a cardioselective beta blocker? |
| Coreg | Which drug is the only beta blocker approved by the FDA to treat heart failure? |
| Coreg | Which drug may reduce mortality post MI by as much as 25%? |
| Coreg | Which drug is given concurrently with ACE inhibitors because it counteracts aggravation of heart failure symptoms? |
| Coreg | Which drug is useful in treating mild to moderate cases of chronic congestive heart failure and reduces the risk of sudden death; and is also well tolerated even in advanced congestive heart failure? |
| contractile tissues | What type of tissue generate and conduct electrical impulses in the heart? |
| cardiac automaticity | What is the heart's ability to generate electrical impulses? |
| SA node | Which node has the fastest rate of automaticity? |
| SA node | Which node serves as the pacemaker site? |
| cardiac automaticity | What is dependent on Na and K ion movement? |
| cardiac conductivity | What is the heart's ability to transmit electrical impulses? |
| SA node | Where do impulses in the heart originate? |
| AV node | Where is the impulse delayed for a period of time? |
| antiarrythmic drugs | What classification of drugs alter the heart's electrical conduction system, primarily used for tachydysrhythmias? |
| antiarrythmic drugs | If you are trying to prevent or relieve symptoms of atrial fibrillation and prolong the survival of your patient, which drug classification would you use? |
| antiarrythmic drugs | Which drug classification would you use to terminate dangerous dysrhythmias that may be fatal to your patient if not quickly terminated (like v-tach)? |
| antiarrythmic drugs | Which drug classification would you use if your patient's ventricular rate is so fast that cardiac output is impaired? |
| antiarythmic drugs | Which drug classification would be most appropriate to administer to convert atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter to normal sinus rhythm and to maintain a normal sinus rhythm after the conversion? |
| Class 1A | Which group of the antidysrhythmic drugs would be used to treat of symptomatic PVC's, SVT, V-tach, and the prevention of V-fib? |
| Class 1B | Which group of the antidysrhythmic drugs would be used to treat of symptomatic PVC's, V-tach, and prevention of V-fib? |
| Class 1C | Which group of the antidysrhythmic drugs would be used to treat of life-threatening VT or V-fib and SVT that is unresponsive to other drugs? |
| Quinidine | Which drug is the prototype for Class 1A sodium channel blockers? |
| Lidocaine | Which drug is the prototype for Class 1B sodium channel blockers? |
| Tambocor | Which drug is an example of the Class 1C sodium channel blockers? |
| Quinidine | A patient with a history of symptomatic preventrical contractions comes into the emergency room complaining of hearing loss, which drug might the patient be having an adverse reaction to? |
| Lidocaine | What is the drug of choice in treating ventricle dysrhythmias? |
| Quinidine | Your patient has been diagnosed with a supraventricle tachydysrythmia and has been prescribed a sodium channel blocker; instructing your patient to avoid excessive citrus because they change urine pH and will decrease the excretion of the drug is an important nursing implication of which drug? |
| Quinidine | Which antidysrythmic drug, when taken PO, is works best when taken on an empty stomach and with a glass of water? |
| Lidocaine | Which sodium channel blocker decreases myocardial irritability in the ventricles but has little to no effect on the atria? |
| Lidocaine | Which antidysrythmic drug is always given by injection? |
| Lidocaine | Which sodium channel blocker has an onset of 1-2 minutes and a duration of 20 minutes? |
| Lidocaine | Which antidysrhythmic drug is metabolized in the liver? |
| Lidocaine | A patient on your unit is being treated for symptomatic preventricle contractions begins to complain about double vision, which drug might the patient be having an adverse reaction to? |
| beta adrenergic blockers | Which drug classification exerts antidysrhythmic effects which slows the SA and AV nodal conduction? |
| beta adrenergic blockers | LOL |
| Class 1A | Norpace and Pronestyl are examples of which class of sodium channel blockers? |
| beta adrenergic blockers | Which type of antidysrhythmic drugs would be used to treat a patient with hypertension and supraventricular tachydysrhythmias? |
| beta adrenergic blockers | Which type of antidysrhymic drug is used more extensively to reduce mortality in post-MI patients and heart failure? |
| beta adrenergic blockers | Propranolol and Atenolol are examples of . . . |
| Amiodarone | Which antidysrhythmic drug is contraindicated in patients with thyroid dysfunction? |
| potassium channel blockers | Which type of antidysrhythmic drug has vasodilating effects and decreases systemic vascular resistance? |
| potassium channel blockers | Which type of antidysrhythmic drug decreases the heart rate and decreases the contractility of the left ventricle? |
| Amiodarone | Which drug is an increasingly preferred agent in the Advanced Cardiac Life Support algorithm for v-tach and v-fib? |
| Amiodarone | Which drug has a black box warning because it can cause pulmonary problems? |
| Amiodarone | Oral administration of this drug potentiates the effects of: beta adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, anticoagulants, digoxin, lidocaine, theophylline, and dilantin? |
| calcium channel blockers | Which antidysrhythmic drug group is used to treat supraventricular tachydysrhythmias, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation? |
| calcium channel blockers | Diltiazem and Calan are examples of . . |
| calcium channel blockers | Which group of antidysrhythmic drugs slows the conduction through the SA and AV node by effecting the myocardial cells? |
| Adenosine | Which antidysrhythmic drug is a naturally occurring component of all body cells? |
| Adenosine | Which drug restores NSR in patients with SVT with a high degree of effectiveness? |
| Adenosine | Which drug has a very short duration of action (less than 10 seconds)? |
| Adenosine | Which drug is given as a rapid IV bolus to stop the heart? |
| angina pectoris | What is characterized by episodes of chest pain due to a deficit in myocardial oxygen supply in relation to oxygen demand? |
| classic | Which type of angina pectoris caused by physical exertion? |
| varient | Which type of angina pectoris that occurs spontaneously, usually when a person is at rest (usually occur between midnight and 8 a.m.) and is treated with nitroglycerin? |
| Nitroglycerine | What is the prototype for nitrates? |
| Nitroglycerine | What drug relaxes smooth muscles in blood vessel walls to produce vasodilation? |
| Nitroglycerine | What drug is used for the prevention and management of acute chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia? |
| PO | Which nitrate route acts slowly, is rapidly metabolized in the liver with only small amounts reaching systemic circulation and does not help to relieve acute chest pain? |
| SL | Which nitrate route acts within 1-3 minutes and lasts for 30 to 60 minutes and is used for acute attacks and to prevent exercised induced angina? |
| transdermal disc | Which nitrate route is effective for 12 hours? |
| topical ointment | Which nitrate route is effective 4 to 8 hours? |
| Tridil | Which nitrate drug is given IV when other agents are not effective? |
| Nitroglycerine | Which drug is contraindicated with erectile dysfunction medications? |
| bedtime | When do you remove a nitroglycerin transdermal disc? |
| Nitroglycerine | Which drug is contraindicated in patients with severe anemia? |
| Nitroglycerine | If you are administering this drug sublingually, tell your patient to hold it under their tongue until it dissolves, it can be repeated after 5 minutes X 2, if there is no relief after 3 doses you must notify the doctor. |
| Nitroglycerine | Which drug must be protected from light? |
| Nitroglycerine | Sublingual tablets of which drug are very volatile? |
| Nitroglycerine | Which drug expires in 6 months? |
| Nitroglycerine | When telling your patient about this drug, it is important that they understand to put the disc on at the same time everyday to a clean, dry, hairless area? |
| Nitroglycerine | Which drug has adverse effects of headache, dizziness, hypotension, and tachycardia? |
| calcium channel blockers | Which group of drugs used to treat angina is contraindicated in patients with 2nd or 3rd degree blocks? |
| calcium channel blockers | Which group of drugs used to treat angina reduce coronary artery spasms? |
| calcium channel blockers | Which group of drugs used to treat angina improve blood supply to heart muscle by dilating coronary arteries, and decreases the workload of the heart by dilating peripheral arteries (which also lowers blood pressure)? |
| angina | Norvasc, Nifedipine, Dilitiazem, and Calan are used to treat? |
| angina | Inderal, Tenormin, Lopressor, Corgard are given to treat? |
| beta andrenergic blockers | Which group of drugs used to treat angina decreases the sympathetic stimulation, which decreases the heart rate and myocardial contractility; and also reduces blood pressure which decreases the workload of the heart along with oxygen demand? |
| beta andrenergic blockers | Which group of drugs may increase the frequency and severity of vasospasms? |
| beta andrenergic blockers | Inderal, Tenormin, Lopressor, Corgard are given once a day and have long half-lives and are also examples of what group of drugs? |
| calcium channel blockers | Norvasc, Nifedipine, Dilitiazem, and Calan are examples of what group of drugs? |
| Dilitiazem and Calan | Which drugs are the only calcium channel blockers that slow the ventricular response to atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and supraventricular tachydysrhymias? |
| calcium channel blockers | Which group of drugs can be given alone but are often used in combination with beta blockers to treat angina? |
| calcium channel blockers | Which group of drugs used to treat angina is contraindicated in patients in cardiogenic shock, heart failure, or with severe bradycardia or hypotension? |
| Right-Sided Heart Failure | Which type of heart failure is a condition in which the heart loses its ability to pump blood efficiently? Signs and symptoms include: shortness of breath, swelling of feet and ankles, urinating more frequently at night, and pronounced neck veins. |
| Left-Sided Heart Failure | Which type of heart failure is a life-threatening condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the body. Signs and symptoms include: cough (produces frothy or blood-tinged mucus), decreased urine production, difficulty lying down (need to sleep with the head elevated to avoid shortness of breath), fatigue, weakness, and faintness. |
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