Chapter 12 Blood Collection in Special Populations
About this set
Created by:
JencyMercado on July 6, 2012
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 arterial line | a vascular access device that is placed in an artery |
| arteriovenous (AV) shunt | an artificial connection between an artery and a vein |
| Bili light | ultraviolet light treatment used for excessive bilirubin levels |
| bilirubin | is a substance produced by the normal breakdown of red blood cells. |
| biotinidase deficiency | inherited metabolic disorder |
| Broviac | a type of central venous catheter |
| central venous catheter | most common vascular access device, inserted into one of the large veins emptying into the heart. Also called a central venous line |
| EMLA | Topical anesthetic cream that is useful for procedures in pediatric patients |
| external arteriovenous shunt | AV shunt consisting of a cannula with a rubber septum, through which a needle may be inserted for drawing blood. |
| fistula | permanent internal connection between an artery and a vein |
| galactosemia | Babies cannot digest galactose. Galactose is a simple sugar found in breast milk & many formulas. Can cause eye damage, liver or brain damage. Baby must be given milk-free formula. |
| Groshong | a type of central venous catheter; |
| heparin lock | a tube temporarily placed in a peripheral vein; used to administer medicine and draw blood. Also know as a Saline lock |
| Hickman | a type of central venous catheter |
| homocystinuria | is an inherited disorder that affects the metabolism of the amino acid methionine. Symptoms: Newborn infants appear healthy. Early symptoms, if present at all, are not obvious. |
| hypothyroidism | an underactive thyroid gland |
| implanted port | a chamber located under the skin and connected to an indwelling line |
| internal arteriovenous shunt | AV shunt consisting of a fistula that uses the patient's tissue, a piece of bovine tissue,or a synthetic tube |
| jaundice | caused by a build up of bilirubin and is a yellowing of the skin, and can lead to brain damage if it is untreated. |
| maple syrup disease | inherited metabolic disorder |
| peripherally inserted central catheter | a vascular access device threaded into a central vein after insertion into a peripheral (non-central) vein. |
| phenylketonuria | an inherited rare condition in which a baby is born without the ability to properly break down an amino acid called phenylalanine |
| sickle cell anemia | inherited disorder of the hemoglobin molecule |
| triple lumen | central access device |
| vascular access device | a tube that is inserted into either a vein or artery; used to administer fluids or medications,monitor blood pressure or draw blood. |
| Which of the following is incorrect? | Newborns have a higher proportion of plasma compared with adults |
| Crying causes an increase in: | white blood cell count |
| Which gauge needle is best to use for a draw on a child younger than 2 years? | 23 |
| Jaundice means: | yellowing of the skin |
| Which lab test assays jaundice? | bilirubin |
| Neonatal screening test for which disorders are mandated by the United States? | PKU and hypothyroidism |
| Samples for PKU testing are typically collected: | on special filter paper |
| Which of the following occurs as we grow older? | Hematomas are more likely |
| Which of the following is not a VAD? | EMLA |
| Blood should never be collected from the arm of a patient containing: | an AV shunt |
| Dermal punctures in pediatric patients are preferred for: | PKU testing |
| When warming an infant's heel for a dermal puncture, the heel should be warmed for: | 3 to 5 minutes |
| Types of CVC's include all of the following except: | Fistula |
| An arm containing ___________ is never used for phlebotomy procedures. | a fistula |
| Only specially trained personnel acting on a doctor's order are allowed to collect specimens from: | VADs |
| List and explain five strategies you can use to help reduce a child's anxiety before a draw. | To reduce a child's anxiety before a draw, 1. prepare your material ahead of time; 2. perform the procedure in a room that is not the child's hospital room; 3. be friendly, cheerful, an empathetic; 4. explain the procedure in child's terms; do not say that the procedure won't hurt, and say that it's okay to say "ouch"; 5. give children choices whenever possible, such as which arm or finger they want to use or the type of bandage they prefer. |
| What type of needle may be used for pediatric patients younger than 2 years old? | When performing veinpuncture on patients younger than 2 years, use shorter needles, if possible, and use the smallest gauge consistent with the requirements of the tests. Butterflies and smaller tube size should be used. If the patient is younger than 1 year, a heal stick should be performed, rather than a venipuncture |
| What is EMLA used for? | is a topical anesthetic cream used in pediatric patient to numb the venipuncture site. |
| Name two safe ways that a child can be immobilized during a draw. | Children can be immobilized during a draw by wrapping newborns or infants in receiving blankets. Older children need to be restrained. They may be seated in the lap of a parent or assistant who hugs the child's body and holds the arm not being used in the draw, or they may be lying down with the parent or assistant leaning over the child, holding the unused arm securely. |
| If an infant is under a Bili light, what must the phlebotomist do before collection? | Bilirubin is light sensitive. Bili lights should be turned off during collection, and the specimen should be shielded from the light. |
| How is a PKU sample collected? | A PKU sample is collected via capillary stick onto a special filter paper supplied in a kit provided by the state agency responsible for PKU tests. |
| Name four physical changes that geriatric patients undergo that the phlebotomist must consider when collecting blood. | Physical changes the elderly undergo include skin that is less elastic and thinner; a tendency to bruise more easily; longer healing times; more fragile, less elastic, and narrower blood vessels; loss of supporting connective tissue, lending to "loose skin"; loss of muscle tissue, allow veins to move from their usual locations; arteries are closer to the surface. |
| Explain the procedure for drawing blood from a geriatric patient. | To perform a draw on an elderly patient, be especially careful with patient identification; be aware of the frequency of blood draws; be especially gentle; do not apply the tourniquet as tightly, place the arm on a pillow and have the patient grip a washcloth why the arm is supported by rolled towels; do not "slap" the arm to find a vein; anchor the vein firmly, apply pressure longer to ensure bleeding has stopped. |
| What is a VAD? | VAD is an acronym for " vascular access device" . It is a tube that is inserted into either a vein or an artery and is used to administer fluids or medications, monitor blood pressure,or draw blood. |
| Explain the procedure for drawing blood from a patient who has an IV line. | To draw blood from a patient who has an IV line, have the nurse turn off the IV drip before the draw (less than 2 minutes); apply the tourniquet distal to the IV insertion site; select a vein distal to the IV insertion side and in a different vein; discard the first 5 mL of blood drawn, since it will be contaminated with IV fluid; noted on the requisition that the specimen was drawn from and arm with an IV, and identify the IV solution |
| List six types of VADs | Types of VADs: CVC ( Broviac, Groshong, Hickman, triple lumen); implanted port; PICC; arterial line; heparin or saline lock; AV shunt (external, internal) |
| Name at least two psychological complications a child may experience during a phlebotomy procedure. List the actions you would take, as a phlebotomist, when drawing blood from a child. | In a phlebotomy procedure, a child may experience a fear of the unknown and a fear of pain. As a phlebotomtist, you must explain the procedure in detail to the child, using words the child understands. The phlebotomist should speak to the child during the entire procedure, letting the child know how much longer the procedure will last. |
| List the special considerations to take when drawing blood from a newborn. | Since a newborn is under reverse isolation, additional protection equipment is needed. Blood should be drawn from the infant's heel. The amount collected, tests, and their frequency must be recorded in order to prevent blood depletion |
| Name other diseases that neonates may be screened for, besides PKU. | Besides the PKU test, neonates are also screened for hypothroidism, galactosemia, homocystinuria, maple syrup disease, biotinidase deficiency, and sickle cell anemia. |
| List at least two common disorders associated with geriatric patients and special consideration to take when drawing blood from such patients. | Common disorders affecting the elderly population include hearing loss, Parkinson's disease, stroke, arthritis and tremors, all of which can make blood collection difficult. |
| Why is it important to rotate the collection site in a patient with HIV infection? | In patients requiring chronic draws, such as those with HIV or cancer, rotate collection sites to avoid damaging veins and tissue. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.