Neurologic Drugs (First Aid)
About this set
Created by:
DrMexito Plus on July 6, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
Step 1
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 morphine | opioid analgesic, can also be used as an IV anesthetic agonist at mu receptor => open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels => inhibit release of ACh, NE, 5-HT, glutamate and substance P |
| fentanyl | opioid analgesic, can also be used as an IV anesthetic (doesn't have histamine release like morphine) agonist at mu receptor => open K+ channels, close Ca2+ channels => inhibit release of ACh, NE, 5-HT, glutamate and substance P |
| codeine | opioid analgesic |
| methadone | opiod analgesic also used in maintenance programs for addicts |
| meperidine | opioid analgesic |
| dextromethorphan | opioid analgesic used for cough suppression |
| tramadol | very weak opioid agonist; also inhibits 5-HT and NE reuptake SE: decreases seizure threshold |
| buprenorphine | partial agonist at opioid mu and delta receptors used in long-term replacement therapy for opioid dependency |
| butorphanol | partial agonist at opioid mu and agonist at opioid kappa less respiratory depression than full agonists |
| loperamide | opioid used for diarrhea |
| diphenoxylae | opioid used for diarrhea |
| phenytoin | 1st line tx for tonic-clonic seizures (along w/ carbamazepine and valproic acid) and prophylaxis of status epilepticus; also used for both simple and complex seizures MOA: inactivates Na+ channel also a class IB antiarrhythmic |
| phenytoin side effects | induces CYP450 drug-induced SLE megaloblastic anemia (decreases folate) nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy sedation teratogen (fetal hydantoin syndrome, similar to FAS) gingival hyperplasia in kids |
| carbamazepine | 1st line tx for tonic-clonic (along w/ phenytoin and valproic acid); also used for both simple and complex seizures also used for trigeminal neuralgia and bipolar disorder MOA: inactivates Na+ channel SE: diplopia, ataxia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, induces CYP450, SIADH, Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| lamotrigine | used for simple and complex partial seizures and tonic-clonic MOA: blocks Na+ channel SE: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (like carbamazepine and ethosuximide) |
| gabapentin | used for simple and complex partial seizures and tonic-clonic also used for neuropathic pain and bipolar disorder MOA: GABA analog that blocks Ca2+ channels SE: sedation, ataxia |
| topiramate | used for simple and complex partial seizures and tonic-clonic MOA: blocks Na+ channels, increases GABA action SE: sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, wt loss |
| valproic acid | 1st line for tonic-clonic (along w/ phenytoin and carbamazepine), used for simple and complex partial seizures, absence seizures and myoclonic seizures also used for bipolar disorder MOA: blocks Na+ channels, increases GABA action SE: GI distress, fatal hepatotoxicity NTD in fetus (decreased folate absorption), tremor, wt gain |
| ethosuximide | 1st line tx for absence seizures MOA: blocks thalamic T-type Ca2+ channels SE: GI distress, fatigue, headache, urticaria, Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| tiagabine | used for simple and complex partial seizures MOA: inhibits GABA uptake |
| phenobarbital (anti-epileptic) | used for simple and complex partial seizures and tonic-clonic 1st line tx in pregnant women and children |
| benzodiazepines (anti-epileptic) | 1st line tx for acute status epilepticus (prophylaxis is phenytoin) also used for seizures assoc w/ ecclampsia (like Mg2+) |
| vigabatrin | used for simple and complex partial seizures MOA: inhibit GABA transaminase to increases [GABA] |
| levetiracetam | used for simple and complex partial seizures and tonic-clonic unknown MOA |
| phenobarbital | barbituate, also used for seizures MOA: increases duration of Cl- channel opening, decreasing neuronal firing SE: respiratory or cardiovascular depression, induces CYP450 contraindicated in porphyria |
| pentobarbital | barbituate MOA: increases duration of Cl- channel opening, decreasing neuronal firing SE: respiratory or cardiovascular depression, induces CYP450 contraindicated in porphyria |
| thiopental | barbituate used as an IV anesthetic (used for induction) high potency, high lipid solubility, rapid entry into brain effect terminated by rapid redistribution into tissue and fat SE: respiratory or cardiovascular depression, induces CYP450 contraindicated in porphyria |
| secobarbital | barbituate MOA: increases duration of Cl- channel opening, decreasing neuronal firing SE: respiratory or cardiovascular depression, induces CYP450 contraindicated in porphyria |
| triazolam | short acting benzodiazepine |
| oxazepam | short acting benzodiazepine |
| midazolam | short acting benzodiazepine used as IV anesthetic (esp for endoscopy) |
| zolpidem | used for insomnia act at BDZ receptor but have lower dependence risk |
| zalepon | used for insomnia act at BDZ receptor but have lower dependence risk |
| eszopiclone | used for insomnia act at BDZ receptor but have lower dependence risk |
| halothane | inhaled anesthetic, unknown MOA highest potency of inhaleds hepatotoxicity, can rarely cause malignant hyperthermia (tx dantrolene) |
| enflurane | inhaled anesthetic, unknown MOA proconvulsant, can rarely cause malignant hyperthermia (tx dantrolene) |
| isoflurane | inhaled anesthetic, unknown MOA can rarely cause malignant hyperthermia (tx dantrolene) |
| sevoflurane | inhaled anesthetic, unknown MOA can rarely cause malignant hyperthermia (tx dantrolene) |
| methoxyflurane | inhaled anesthetic, unknown MOA nephrotoxicity, can rarely cause malignant hyperthermia (tx dantrolene) |
| nitrous oxide | inhaled anesthetic, unknown MOA lowest potency of inhaled expansion of trapped gas. can rarely cause malignant hyperthermia (tx dantrolene) |
| ketamine | IV anesthetic MOA: PCP analog that blocks NMDA receptor |
| propofol | IV anesthetic used for rapid anesthesia induction and short procedures (like thiopental) high TG content increases pancreatitis risk |
| procaine | ester local anesthetic MOA: blocks Na+ channels, esp activated ones, therefore most effective in rapidly firing neurons |
| cocaine | ester local anesthetic MOA: blocks Na+ channels, esp activated ones, therefore most effective in rapidly firing neurons |
| tetracaine | ester local anesthetic MOA: blocks Na+ channels, esp activated ones, therefore most effective in rapidly firing neurons |
| lidocaine | amide local anesthetic MOA: blocks Na+ channels, esp activated ones, therefore most effective in rapidly firing neurons given if pt allergic to ester |
| mepivacaine | amide local anesthetic MOA: blocks Na+ channels, esp activated ones, therefore most effective in rapidly firing neurons given if pt allergic to ester |
| bupivacaine | amide local anesthetic MOA: blocks Na+ channels, esp activated ones, therefore most effective in rapidly firing neurons given if pt allergic to ester cardiovascular toxicity |
| succinylcholine | depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug (works on motor nicotinic receptor) used for muscle paralysis in sx or mechanical ventilation SE: hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia due to prolonged muscle depolarization reverse blockade w/ AChE inhibitors |
| tubocurarine | nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug competes w/ ACh for receptor reverse blockade w/ AChE inhibitors |
| atracurium | nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug competes w/ ACh for receptor reverse blockade w/ AChE inhibitors |
| mivacurium | nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug competes w/ ACh for receptor reverse blockade w/ AChE inhibitors |
| pancuronium | nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug competes w/ ACh for receptor reverse blockade w/ AChE inhibitors |
| vecuronium | nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug competes w/ ACh for receptor reverse blockade w/ AChE inhibitors |
| rocuronium | nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug competes w/ ACh for receptor reverse blockade w/ AChE inhibitors |
| dantrolene | used to tx malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (antipsychotic drugs) MOA: prevents release of Ca from SR (blocks ryanodine receptor) |
| bromocriptine | dopamine agonist (ergot) for Parkinson's |
| pergolide | dopamine agonist (ergot) for Parkinson's |
| pramipexole | dopamine agonist (non-ergot - preferred) for Parkinson's |
| ropinirole | dopamine agonist (non-ergot - preferred) for Parkinson's |
| amantadine | increase dopamine release for Parkinson's also an antiviral agent (blocks viral penetration and uncoating) |
| L-dopa/carbidopa | increase dopamine in brain for Parkinson's L-dopa crosses BBB; carbidopa is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor and is given to increase the bioavailablitiy of the drug and limit peripheral side effects |
| selegiline | selective MAO-B inhibitor (enzyme preferentially metabolizes dopamine over NE and 5-HT) for Parkinson's |
| entacapone | COMT inhibitor for Parkinson's prevents L-dopa degradation |
| tolcapone | COMT inhibitor for Parkinson's prevents L-dopa degradation |
| benztropine | antimuscarinic agent used to control Parkinsonian tremors and rigidity |
| memantine | NMDA receptor antagonist that helps prevent excitotoxicity in Alzeheimer's |
| donepezil | AChE inhibitors used for Alzheimer's |
| galantamine | AChE inhibitors used for Alzheimer's |
| rivastigmine | AChE inhibitors used for Alzheimer's |
| sumatriptan | 5-HT1B/1D agonist (anti-emetics are 5-HT antagonists) used for migraine, cluster headache tox: coronary vasospasm (contraindicated in CAD or Prinzmetal's angina); also contraindicated in pregnancy |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.