| Term | Definition |
|---|
| culture (World Book Encyclopedia) | 1:a term used by social scientists for the way of life. Every human society has a culture. A culture produces similar behaviors and thought among most people in a particular society. |
| socialization | The process by which individuals come to learn and perform behavior expected of them by society. Through socialization, culture is passed from one generation to the next. |
| culture shock | the discomfort that people often feel when they have contact with an unfamiliar culture. |
| acculturation | the process by which a majority group adopts the trait of a majority culture. |
| ethnic group | A social group within a cultural and social system that claims or is awarded special status on the basis of variable traits including religions, linguistics, or ancestral characteristics |
| race | a subdivision of the human species characterized by a more or less distinctive combination of physical traits that are transmitted in descent. |
| ethnocentrism | a belief in the superiority of ones own culture or ethnic group. |
| democracy | (demos- people, kratos- rule) First democracy was a direct democracy in Ancient Athens. All participants directly participated, but they must be men, over 30, Athenian, land owner, to vote. |
| representative democracy | a republic and a constitutional monarchy are examples of this. |
| autocracy | (auto- one/self kratos- rule) examples of this are totalitarian systems and monarchies |
| totalitarianism | power is seized, for the benefit of themself(ves), confrontations |
| monarchies | for the benefit of the people, power rests in the hands of one, cooperational |
| theocracy | (theo- religion, kratos- rule) same ruler is both the political and the religious leader. Ex: Afghanistan 7 years ago and present day Iran |
| secular | head is not a religious leader. |
| oligarchy | ruled by a few (not by all but not by one) |
| Middle East water suppy (four major) | 1: Nile River, 2: Tigris/Euphrates Rivers, 3: Yellow River, 4: Indus River |
| Middle East water suppy (general) | two, small rivers, seasonal rivers, oases, wadies |
| Middle East technology | 1: Dams ( Aswan Dam provides drinking water and hydroelectricity) 2: Irrigation 3: Desalization (taking salt out of water) |
| Middle East desert (general) | 60% of Middle East is desert. sand/rock/no vegetation; rain, extreme temps, no inhabitants |
| Middle East deserts (four) | 1: Sahara (largest desert in the world) 2: Empty Quarter (4th largest) 3: Nubian Desert 4: Lybian Desert |
| Middle East mountains | very few mountains; only Turkey is partially mountainous |
| culture (American Heritage Dictionary) | 2: The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutuions, and all other products of human work and thought, characteristic of a community of population. |
| culture (Encyclopedia Briticanna) | 3: The integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior. Culture thus defined consists of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, code, institution, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and other related components. |
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