| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Active Transport | The movement of a substrate across a cell membrane against a concentration of gradient; requires the cell to expend energy |
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | A molecule present in all living cells and acting as an energy source for metabolic processes |
| Hypotonic | Describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that inside a cell |
| Hypertonic | Describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell |
| Concentration Gradient | The difference in concentration of a substance across space |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| Diffusion | The process by which molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration |
| Facilitated diffusion | A process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | A model of cell membrane structure representing the dynamic nature of membrane lipids and proteins |
| Receptor Proteins | Proteins within the cell membrane that are able to receive signals from the outside of the cell which can cause the cell to respond |
| Marker Protein | Extend across the cell membrane and serve to identify the cell |
| Selectively Permeable | A membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through |
| Phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells |
| Phospholipid | A complex lipid having two fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol |
| Pinocytosis | A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solutes or fluids |
| Carrier Protein | A protein that transports specific substances across a biological membrane |
| Endocytosis | The process by which a cell surrounds and engulfs substances |
| Isotonic | Describing a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside the cell |
| Exocytosis | A process in which a vesicle inside fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the external environment |
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