Ross Vet Prep Medical Mathematics Toxicology Vocabulary
About this set
Created by:
SemiCharmedQuark on July 8, 2012
Subjects:
ross, vet prep, medical mathematics, medical mathematics3, toxicology
Description:
Ross Vet Prep Medical Mathematics Toxicology Vocabulary
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Toxicology | The science of toxicants |
| Xenobiotics | Foreign chemicals that the body does not produce (a property of both drugs and toxicants) |
| Pharmacokinetic | An alteration of absorption, distribution, biotransformation or excretion |
| Pharmacodynamic | Two drugs act on the same receptors |
| Toxicant | Any substance (solid liquid or gas) that when applied or introduced into the body may interfere with life processes or biological functions of the cells of the animal; a poison |
| Phytotoxin | Plant Toxin |
| Mycotoxin | Fungal Toxin |
| Zootoxin | Animal Toxin |
| Toxin | A poison from a biologic process ; a biotoxin |
| Toxic | Used to describe the deleterious or undesirable effects of poisons |
| Therapeutic | Used to describe the wanted or desirable effects of a drug |
| Toxicosis | A disease caused by exposure to a poison; poisoning or intoxication |
| Toxicity | The amount of a poison that under certain circumstances will cause toxic effects |
| Acute Toxicity | The effect of a single dose or multiple doses during a 24 hour period |
| Subacute Toxicity | Is the effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days |
| Subchronic Toxicity | Is the effect of exposure from 30 days to 90 says |
| Chronic Toxicity | Is the effect produced by daily exposure for a period of 3 months or more |
| Chronicity Factor | The ratio between acute LD 50 and chronic LD 50 |
| Extremely Toxic | 1 mg/kg or less |
| Highly Toxic | > 1-50 mg/kg |
| Moderately Toxic | > 50-500 mg/kg |
| Slightly Toxic | > 0.5-5 g/kg |
| Practically nontoxic | >5-15 g/kg |
| Relatively harmless | > 15 g/kg |
| Toxic Dose | A dose producing undesirable hemalogical, pathological or biochemical effects |
| The highest nontoxic dose (HNTD) | The highest or largest dose which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations (clinical, hematologic, biochemical, or pathologic alterations) |
| Maximum tolerated dose or minimum toxic dose (MTD) | Similar to the HNTD |
| The toxic dose low (TDL) | The lowest dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will not cause death |
| LD0 | The highest nonlethal toxic dose |
| The toxic dose high (TDH) | The dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will result in death |
| No-effect level (maximum nontoxic level) | the amount of a chemical that can be ingested without causing any deaths, illness or toxic alterations in any of the animals for the stated period (usually 90 days to two years or more depending on the species) |
| The lethal dose | the dose that causes death in any animal during the period of observation |
| LD50 | The dose that kills 50% of the animals in a group |
| LD100 | The lowest dose that kills all the animals in a group |
| Hazard (risk) | Hazard is the danger from the possibility of exposure-how likely or unlikely it is |
| Toxicity | Toxicity is the danger based on the amount of substance |
| Risk Factor | The ratio between toxicity and use level. The higher the ratio, the less risk |
| Cumulative Toxicant | A toxicant with a chronicity factor greater than 2.0 |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.