5 Written Questions

1. all of our outward or overt actions and reactions, such as talking, facial expressions, and movement
2. a number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation
3. Belivieved that there was a relationship of the soul to the body (with the two being aspects of the same underlying structure); different from Plato's perspective.
4. animals or people being observed in their natural environment; allows researchers to get a realistic picture of how behavior occurs because they are actually watching that behavior
5. the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only; has stuckaround the most until today

5 Matching Questions

1. Functionalism
2. Independent variable
3. Physiologists
4. Control group
5. What are psychology's four primary goals?

1. a subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and who may receive a placebo treatment
2. b variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter
3. c wondered about the physical connection between the body and the brain
4. d Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control
5. e early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. A 17th-century French philosopher and mathematician who agreed with Plato. He believed that the pineal gland (a small organ at the base of the brain) was the seat of the soul.
   1. Observer bias
   2. Mental processes
   3. Prediction
   4. Rene Decartes
2. Wilhelm Wundt; the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities; Wundt might place an object, such as a rock, into a student's hand and have the student tell him everything that he was feeling as a result of having the rock in his hand - all the sensations stimulated by the rock.
   1. Prediction
   2. Observer effect
   3. Objective introspection
   4. Participant observation
3. brought structuralism to America; expanded on Wundt's original ideas; Although Titchener agreed with Wundt that conciousness, the state of being aware of external events, could be broken down into its basic elements, Titchener also believed that objective introspection could be used on thoughts as well as on physical sensations.
   1. Max Wertheimer
   2. Edward Titchener
   3. Aristotle
   4. Experiment
4. 1 - experience; 2 - emotion; 3 - thought
   1. Sigmund Freud
   2. Objective introspection
   3. Observer effect
   4. 3 basic elements of the mind
5. a measure of the relationship between two variables
   1. Explanation
   2. Correlation
   3. Prediction
   4. Control

5 True/False Questions

1. Margaret Washburn → study of one individual in great detail

   True        False

2. How old is psychology? → Psychology is about 125 years old.

   True        False

3. Operational definition → a number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation

   True        False

4. Structuralism → early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

   True        False

5. Experiment group → a deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships

   True        False