| Term | Definition |
|---|
| parallax | the apparent change in the position of an object due to a change in the location of the observer. Astronomical parallax is measured in seconds of arc. |
| ellipses | a closed curve enclosing two points such that the total distance from one focus to any point on the curve back to the other focus equals a constant |
| Natural motion | in Aristotelian physics the motion of objects toward their natural places fire and air upward and earth and water downward. |
| violent motion | in Aristotelian physics, motion other than natural motion |
| acceleration of gravity | a measure of the strength of gravity at a planet's surface |
| mass | A measure of the amount of matter making up an object |
| velocity | A rate of travel that specifics both speed and direction |
| inverse square law | the rule that the strength of an effect decreases in proportion as the distance squared increases |
| field | a way of explaining action at a distance, a particle produces a field of influence to which another particle in the field responds |
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