Respiratory System
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162 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 pharynx | throat |
| larynx | voice box |
| trache/o, trachea | wind pipe |
| alveol/o | air sac |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | airway |
| bronchiol/o | little airway |
| capn/o, carb/o | (CO2) Carbon Dioxide |
| laryng/o | larynx, voicebox |
| lob/o | lobe (portion) |
| nas/o, rhin/o | nose |
| or/o | mouth |
| ox/o | (O2) Oxygen |
| palat/o | palate |
| pharyng/o | throat |
| phren/o | mind |
| pleur/o | pleura, covering of the lung |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o | air or lung |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| sinus/o | sinus |
| spir/o, -pnea | breathing |
| thorac/o, pector/o, steth/o | chest |
| tonsill/o | tonsil |
| uvul/o | uvula |
| nose | start of flow of air; warms, moistens, and filters the air receptors for sense of smell |
| sinuses | air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity |
| palate | partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft palate |
| tonsils | oval lymphatic tissue on each side of pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion aka palate tonsils |
| adenoid | lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose aka pharyngeal tonsil |
| bronchial tree | branched airways that lead from the trachea to the aveoli |
| right and left bronchus | 2 primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs |
| bronchioles | progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways |
| alveoli | thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases |
| lungs | 2 spongy organs, located in thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration |
| lobes | subdivisions of the lung, 2 on left and 3 on right |
| pleura | membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) |
| mucous membranes | thin sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid(sticky) fluid |
| cilia | hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, that provide upward movement of muscus cell secretions |
| eupnea | normal breathing |
| bradypnea | slow breathing |
| tachypnea | fast breathing |
| hypopnea | shallow breathing |
| hyperpnea | deep breathing |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| apnea | inability to breath |
| orthopnea | ability to breath only in an upright position |
| crackles, rales | popping sounds heard when air enters diseased airways |
| wheezes, rhonchi | high-pitched musical sounds heard through a narrow airway |
| stridor | high-pitched crowing sound *sign of obstruction in the upper airway (trachea or larynx) |
| dsyphonia | hoarseness |
| epistaxis, phinorrhagia | nosebleed |
| rhinorrhea | runny nose |
| expectoration | coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs |
| sputum | material expelled from the lungs by coughing |
| hemoptysis | coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs |
| hypercapnia, hypercarbia | excessive level of CO2 in the blood |
| hypoxemia | deficient amount of O2 in the blood |
| hypoxia | deficient amount of O2 in tissue cells |
| obstructive lung disorder | condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs |
| restrictive lung disorder | condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs |
| pulmonary edema | fluid filling of the spaces around the alveoli eventually flooding into the alveoli |
| pulmonary infiltrate | density on an xray representing solid material within the air spaces of the lungs |
| asthma | obstructuve pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes |
| atelectasis | collapse of the lung tissue (alveoli) |
| bronchiectasis | abnormal dialation of the bronchi with accumulation of muscus |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | lung cancer |
| bronchospasm | constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle |
| emphysema | obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by over expansion of the alveoli with air |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; permanent destructive, pulmonary disorder that is a combo of chronic bronchitis an emphysema |
| cystic fibrosis | inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, mucus that obstructs passageways within the body |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity |
| empyema; pyothorax | accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
| hemothorax | accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity |
| pleuritis, pleurisy | inflammation of the pleura |
| pneumoconiosis | chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dust |
| pneumonia | inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. |
| pneumonitits | infalmmation of the lung often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dust |
| pneumothorax | air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall |
| pneumohemothorax | air and blood in the peural cavity |
| PE pulmonary embolism | occlusion in the pulmonary circulation most often caused by a blood clot |
| TB pulmonary tuberculosis | disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses |
| sleep apnea | periods of breathing cessation that occur during sleep, often causing snoring |
| tonsillitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils |
| URI upper respiratory infection | infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx and bronchi |
| ABG's artrial blood gases | analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases |
| adenoidectomy | excision of the adenoids |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe of the lung |
| nasal polyectomy | removal of a nasal polyp |
| pneumonectomy | removal of the entire lung |
| thoracentesis | puncture for aspiration of the chest |
| thoracoplasty | repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs |
| thoracoscopy | endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope |
| thoracotomy | incision into the chest |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | pattern of breathing with a gradual increase of depth followed by a decrease |
| hyperventilation | excessive movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypocapnia |
| hypoventilation | deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypercapnia |
| pneumocystis pneumonia | common opportunistic infection seen in those with positive HIV |
| endoscopy | examination of a body cavity with a flexible endoscope |
| bronchoscopy | use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways |
| nasopharyngoscopy | use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx to diagnose structural abnormalities |
| lung biopsy (Bx) | removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathological examination |
| lung scan | radioactive material is injected or inhaled and images are recorded |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | nonionizing image of the lung to visualize lung lesions |
| auscultation | hearing sounds within the body through a stethoscope |
| percussion | tapping a part of the body for diagnostic purposes |
| pulmonary function testing (PFT) | direct and indirect measurement of lung volumes and capacities |
| spirometry | portion of pulmonary function testing that is a direct measurement of lung volume and capacity |
| pulse oximetry | a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip |
| pleural cavity | potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura |
| diaphragm | a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| mediastinum | partition that separates the thorax into two compartments |
| parenchyma | functional tissue of an organ |
| nasopharynx | part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages |
| oropharynx | central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis |
| laryngopharynx | the lower part of the pharynx |
| uvula | small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate |
| glottis | opening between the vocal cords in the larynx |
| epiglottis | lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway |
| phon/o | voice or sound |
| epi | upon |
| ptysis | to spit |
| conio | dust |
| thoracostomy | creation of an opening in the chest for chest tube |
| tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy (T&A) | excision of the tonsils and adenoids |
| tracheostomy | creation of an opening in the trachea |
| tracheotomy | incision into the trachea |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | artificial respiration & closed chest massage used to restore breathing after cardiac arrest |
| continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) | device that pumps a constant pressurized air flow through the nose |
| endotracheal intubation | passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open airway |
| incentive spirometry | post op breathing therapy using a spirometer |
| mechanical ventilation | method performed by a respiratory therapist using a ventilator |
| antibiotic | drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
| anticoagulant | drug that dissolves or prevents thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels |
| antihistamine | drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effects of histamine |
| histamine | compound in the body that is released by injured cells in allergic reactions, inflammation, etc. causing constriction |
| brochodilator | drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi |
| expectorant | drug that breaks up mucus & promotes coughing |
| ABG's | Arterial Blood Gasses |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure |
| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
| CxR | Chest X-ray |
| O2 | Oxygen |
| stomy | creation of an opening |
| tomy | incision |
| ia, ism | condition of |
| centesis | puncture for aspiration |
| ectasis | expansion or dilation |
| plasty | surgical repair or reconstruction |
| ectomy | excision or removal |
| itis | inflammation |
| rrhea | discharge |
| logy | study of |
| logist | one who specializes in the study of |
| scope | instrument for examination |
| scopy | examination |
| metry | process of measuring |
| emia | blood condition |
| graphy | process of recording |
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