| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Sound | Movement of particles of air. Alternate compression and rarefaction f particles moving through matter. |
| Three Prerequisites of Sound | Source, Elasticity, Mass |
| Source | Anything with mass and elasticity. |
| Mass | Amount of matter an object contains. |
| Elasticity | Tendency for object to return to rest position when displaced. |
| Force | Anything that causes source to move |
| Medium | Anything composed of molecules that can be displaces in patterns to form waves. |
| Elasticity | Works against the inertia until it stops and then goes back. |
| Inertia of Motion | Causes it to go back beyond rest pt. |
| Vibration | Back and forth movement about a midpoint is vibration. |
| Amplitude | The distance molecule travels from rest point. |
| Cycle | One compression plus one rarefaction |
| Frequency | Number of cycles per second. Hertz |
| Simple Waveforms | Made up of only 1 frequency |
| Complex Waveforms | Made up of more than one frequency. Most sounds are this type. |
| Periodic Waveforms | Repeat at regular intervals |
| Aperiodic Waveforms | Vary from one cycle to the next. |
| Frequency | The number of wave cycles that occur each second. Measured in Hertz. |
| Compression | Area where molecules are closer together than at rest. (greater air pressure.) |
| Rarefaction | Area where molecules are further apart than at rest. (Lesser air pressure) |
| Cycle of Vibration | 1 compression + 1 rarefaction |
| Amplitude | Maximum distance particle moves from rest. Determines intensity or loudness. Measured in dB |
| Frequency | Cycles per second= Hertz. The more hertz the higher the pitch. |
| Wavefrom | Graphical representation of amplitude over time. |
| Phonemes | Meaningful sounds. Hat-cat-sat-bat-fat-mat. Sounds are Phonemes IF they change the meaning of words. |
| Allophones | Variations of phonemes. |
| Sounds are divided into what two major groupings? | Consonants and Vowels. |
| Consonants | Made with some degree of obstruction or closure in the vocal tract |
| Vowels | Made with vocal tract very open and with vocal fold vibration. |
| What 3 characteristics can any consonant be described with? | Place,Manner, & Voicing |
| Place | Where it's made |
| Manner | How its made |
| Voicing | Whether it has vocal fold vibration or not. |
| Height | Refers to position of tongue body along verticle plane. |
| Frontness | Vowels are produced with arching o tongue. This arching can be toward front, middle or back of the oral cavity. |
| Lip-Rounding | Vowels can be produced with different degres of lip rounding or spreading. |
| Cognates | Two sounds that differ only in voicing. |
| Misarticulations | Errors in how sounds are produced |
| Substitions | Soap produced as 'toap' |
| Omissions | Soap produced as 'oap' |
| Distortions | Soap produced as 'shloap' |
| Addition errors | Soap produced as 'soapa' |
| Innervation Problems | Nerve supply to muscles that control articulators is impaired. |
| DYsarthria | Resuls from weakness, paralysis or sensory loss in the muscles used for speech. |
| Cerebral Palsy | The imperfect development of the central nervous system. Major symptom may be in production of speech sounds. Speech sounds slurred |
| Apraxia | Occurs when muscles are intact but the child has difficuly sequencingtheir movements. |
| Processes or patterns | Systematic sound changes that affect classes of sounds. |
| Screening | Indicate the presence of a potential problem |
| Developmental Approach | Teach children follwing the sequence of sounds as they are learned by most children |
| Contemporary Approach | Teach sounds that occur later in development with idea that it will encourage development of earlier sounds. |
| Semantic Approach | Contrast target and substitution in minimal air words. The contrast points out the value of the missing phoneme. |
| Inertia of movement | (Property of mass) Keeps it movig past rest position. Elasticity again pulls it back. |
| Vibration | The to and fro movement about a rest position |
| Complex Waves | More than one frequency |
| Waveform | Take the to and fro motion lay it on its side and add time |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace