Haleigh History 2 Unit 2
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Progressivism | Believed that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice. Progressive ideas brought lasting reforms that still affect society today. Progressives wanted to bring about reforms that would correct problems and injustices that industrialization and urbanization had created in social and political areas. |
| Muckraker | Socially conscious journalists and other writers that dramatized the need for reform. their reports uncovered a wide range of ills afflicting America in the early 1900's. Theodore Roosevelt called them muckrakers because he thought them to fascinated with the ugliest side of things |
| Lincoln Steffens | Leading muckraker...manager of McClure's magazine a magazine known for uncovering social problems...published The Shame of the Cities a collection of articles on political corruption... |
| Jacob Riis | influential muckraker...photographer for the New York Evening Sun...turned his camera on unsafe tenement buildings where urban poor lived...between 1890 and 1903 published several works on How the Other Half Lives that lead to reforms... |
| Social Gospel | following the Bible's teachings about charity and justice, he explained, people could make society "the kingdom of God...written by reformer Rauschenbusch thought that Christianity should be the basis of social reform |
| Settlement house | a community center that provided social services to the urban poor. gave mothers classes in child care and taught English to immigrants. Ran nursery schools and kindergartens. also adult programs like theater, art and dance programs. |
| Jane Addams | Leading figure in the settlement house movement. Opened Hull House which grew to include 13 buildings and won praise. |
| Direct Primary | an election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections. |
| Initiative | gave people the power to put proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting citizens' signatures on a petition. This meant that voters themselves could pass laws instead of waiting for elected officials to act. |
| Referendum | allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature |
| Recall | gave voters the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended |
| Florence Kelley | Believed that women were hurt by the unfair prices of goods they had to buy to run their homes...helped found the National Consumers League |
| NCL | National Consumers League (NCL) still active today...gave special labels to "goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions" and urged women to buy them. |
| Temperance Movement | Lead by the Women's Christian Temperance Union. group that promoted temperance, the practice of never drinking alcohol. women thought that men that drank would spend their money on alcohol, neglect their families and abuse their wives. |
| Margaret Sanger | Was a nurse that thought that family life and women's health would improve if mothers had fewer children. 1916 opened the countries first birth-control clinic...jailed several times...1921 founded the American Birth Control League to make information available to more women after the courts finally said that doctors could hand it out. |
| Ida B. Wells | a black teacher helped form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) the group aimed to help families strive for success and to assist those who were less fortunate...set up day-care centers to protect and educate black children while parents were at work. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | 1890 national suffrage effort re-energized by Catt...studied law and worked as one of the country's first female school superintendents...traveled and encouraged women to join (NAWSA) National American Woman Suffrage Association...1900 became president of NAWSA Introduced 'Winning Plan" called for action on two fronts...lobby congress to pass amendment to allow women the vote and and try to pass state suffrage laws...introduced "society plan" to recruit wealthy, well educated women |
| NAWSA | National American Woman Suffrage Association |
| Alice Paul | Social activist that grew more daring in her strategies to win the vote...was raised Quaker...believed that that drastic steps were needed to win the vote...By 1912 was recruiting others across the nation...drew women from many backgrounds...Formed the National Woman's Party (NWP) in 1917...which used public protest marches. was first group to march with picket signs outside the white house...hundreds of women were arrested in these protests...methods angered many people...did help win the right to vote because made less radical groups look tame. |
| Nineteenth Amendment | Stated that the right to vote "shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex" became official on August 18, 1920 when enough states had ratified...Tenn. was the one took over the edge... |
| Americanization | Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens....were encouraged to replace foods and customs of their homelands, and also how to dress like middle-class Americans... |
| Booker T. Washington | believed that African Americans had to achieve economic independence before civil rights...must tolerate discrimination while proving themselves...Most visible African American leader...urged patience...move slowly toward racial progress...work hard be patient...gradually win white respect and earn the right to vote. |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | believed that black Ameriacans had to demand their social and civil rights or else become permanent victims of racism...must fight every day for the rights given to them in the constitution... |
| Niagara Movement | group that denounced the idea of gradual progress...they said that Washington was to willing to compromise African American's basic rights...condemned what Washington said |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People...aimed to help African Americans be physically free from peonage (low-paid labor) mentally free from ignorance, politically free from disfranchisement and socially free from insult |
| Urban League | focused on poorer workers...helping African Americans who were moving to urban areas from rural...black clubs and churches set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work...in 1911 100 of these groups ion many cities joined into a network called Urban League |
| Anti-Defamation league | founded in 1913...goal was and still is to defend Jews and others against physical and verbal attacks, false statements, and "to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike" |
| Mutualistas | group formed by Mexican Americans in several states...that offered many of the same services as the Urban League...groups that made loans and provided legal assistance, they also had insurance programs to help members if they were to sick to work |
| Theodore Roosevelt | became president in 1901...was only 43...reputation for being smart, energetic and opinionated...sickly child of wealthy parents...used family's resources to develop his strength and his mind...graduated from Harvard in 1880...developed a love of the wilderness...was governor of NY...pushed for progressive reforms...was McKinley's running mate and within a few months of being elected he was assassinated so Roosevelt became president |
| Square Deal | Was put in place by Roosevelt and its goals were to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor...idea of fair gov. not everyone would get rich or gov. would take care of lazy people....compared his Square Deal to hand of cards... |
| Hepburn Act | 1906 gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines.... |
| Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants... |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
| John Muir | California naturalist whose efforts had led Congress to create Yosemite national Park in 1890 |
| Gifford Pinchot | Lead the Division of Forestry in the U.S. Department of Agriculture...recommended that forests be preserved for public use...and protected |
| National Reclamation Act | Passed in 1902 and gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed...gov would build and manage dams that would create reservoirs, generate power, and direct water flow...made so one state could use another states water... |
| New Nationalism | Theodor Roosevelt's program to restore the government's trust busting power |
| Progressive Party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912 |
| Woodrow Wilson | 1912 republican party split allowed the democrat Wilson to win the white house...his ideas shaped into program called the NEW FREEDOM...attacked what he called the "triple wall of privilege" the tariffs, the banks, and the trusts that blocked businesses from being free...pushed for new laws that would bring down those three walls...and give the government more control over the economy... |
| New Freedom | Wilson's program...that placed strict government controls on corporations |
| Sixteenth Amendment | 1913 constitutional amendment that gave congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| Federal reserve Act | Law placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which set up regional banks to hold the reserve funds from commercial banks |
| Federal Trade Commission | Government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act...strengthened earlier antitrust laws by spelling out those activities in which businesses could not engage...still in effect today |
| The Shame of the Cities was a book about sanitation and pollution problems, true of false | True |
| The Jungle raised issues about the problems faced by immigrants, as well as problems with the meat-packing industry, true or false | True |
| The Social Gospel blended elements of German socialism and American Progressivism in a Christian plan to improve Society, true or false | False |
| Natural disasters encourage people to implement Progressive reforms, true or false | True |
| Robert La Follette was an important Progressive leader at the state level, true or false | True |
| All women supported the movement for woman suffrage, true or false | False |
| In its ruling on the case of Muller v. Oregon, the United States Supreme Court claimed that long work days for women workers were acceptable, true or false | True |
| Progressives advocated the initiative, referendum, and recall to give people greater control over the government, true or false | True |
| In its early years, the NAACP concentrated on helping African Americans improve their economic standing withing the African-American community, true or false | True |
| Margaret Sanger was the founder of Hull House, true or false | False |
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