5 Written Questions

1. binds allosteric site and increases efficiency of GABA overall to increase Cl- conduction
2. No. Only symptomatic relief, pain will come back once you stop taking it.
3. Given PO 5 mg q 6h
   10x codeine in potency (lower doses; 4-5h duration)
4. TMJ! Never ever.
5. 1.3mg/kg (about 90 mg)

5 Matching Questions

1. What do propofol and ketamine provide as IV anesthetics?
2. What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
3. What organ develops toxicity from Tylenol overdose?
4. Where is an intraperitoneal injection?
5. What are the two parts of the brain most affected by anesthetics?

1. a Gut sack
2. b Thalamus and ARAS
3. c Propofol - sedation; Katamine - sedation and analgesia
4. d Liver
5. e inhibit cyclooxygenase so that TXA2, PGI2, PGE2 are not made - prevent pain, inflammation and fever.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Pain is blocked earlier than all other things
   1. What is the effect of epinephrine with LAs?
   2. What neurons are blocked more rapidly with LAs
   3. What sensation is blocked most readily with LAs?
   4. What are the common allergic reactions to LAs?
2. They all affect GABA channels except ketamine (dissociates thalamus from limbic system)
   1. What do IV drugs for GA affect and what is the one exception?
   2. What can you do to treat NSAID overdose?
   3. What is the adult dose of morphine?
   4. What two things do you want to do before sedation?
3. o Onset slightly slower than lidocaine (2-4 mins).
   o Without epi - useful in patients for who epi is a problem
   o Use rarely indicated in children
   o Toxicity less than lidocaine - rapidly biotransformed
   1. Bupivacaine (Marcaine)
   2. Mepivacaine
   3. Prilocaine (Citanest)
   4. Articaine (Septocaine)
4. sensitize (hyperalgesia) nociceptors to histamine and bradykinin (are not painful by themselves), facilitate histamine and bradykinin to produce inflammatory edema.
   1. Where is the BDZ site located?
   2. What is the function of leukotrienes?
   3. What are the other opioid receptors?
   4. What do prostaglandins do to nociceptors?
5. relieve itching, pain, soreness from infection, etc
   1. What is the other name for Procain?
   2. What are some of the topical uses for LAs?
   3. What are the contradictions to aspirin use?
   4. What is the adult dose for aspirin?

5 True/False Questions

1. What are the percent dosages of N2O for dental analgesia, amnesia, unconsciousness, and GA? → - Mu (morphine is agonist of it) - this is the receptor we are mostly concerned with
   - Delta
   - Kappa

   True        False

2. What is the desired endpoint of sedation? → Eyes closed or nearly closed, patient not spontaneously moving but can respond to verbal commands

   True        False

3. What is the dental significance of aspirin? → Prolongs bleeding time and can increase risk of post-operative bleeding.

   True        False

4. When do we insert a needle all the way to the hub? → Never

   True        False

5. What are benzodiazepine cardio effects? → None

   True        False