Alkyl Halides
About this set
Created by:
Redonaj on July 9, 2012
Subjects:
MCAT General & Organic Chemistry
Description:
Taken from the MCAT Primer Question Book, provided by John Wetzel, an author at www.wikipremed.com.
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Haloalkanes | The _____ or alkyl halides are a group of chemical compounds, consisting of alkanes, such as methane or ethane, with one or more halogens linked, such as chlorine or fluorine. |
| Substitution reaction | In a __________, a functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group. |
| Nucleophilic substitution | __________ is a fundamental class of substitution reaction in which an electron rich nucleophile selectively bonds with or attacks the positive charge of a group or atom called the leaving group. |
| Elimination reaction | A __________ is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism. |
| Carbocation | A _____ is an ion with a positively-charged carbon atom which are intermediates in the E1 and SN1 mechanisms involving reaction with haloalkanes. |
| Leaving group | A __________ such as halide is an atom or group of atoms which may detach relatively easily from a chemical substance. |
| SN1 reaction | The __________ is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in organic chemistry in which the rate-determining step is unimolecular. |
| E1 mechanism | __________ is a model to explain a particular type of chemical elimination reaction in which there is a two-step process of elimination ionization and deprotonation. |
| E2 mechanism | __________ is a model to explain a particular type of chemical elimination reaction in which there is a one-step process of elimination with a single transition state. |
| SN2 reaction | The __________ is a type of nucleophilic substitution in which a lone pair from a nucleophile attacks an electron deficient electrophilic center and bonds to it, expelling another group from the opposite side called a leaving group. |
| Williamson ether synthesis | The __________ involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an SN2 reaction. |
| Polar aprotic solvent | __________ are solvents that share ion dissolving power with protic solvents but lack an acidic hydrogen. These are favorable solvents for SN2 reactions. |
| Racemization | In chemistry _____ refers to partial conversion of one enantiomer into another, which often occurs in SN1 substitution. |
| Gilman reagents | __________ are lithium and copper reagent compounds which are useful because they react with chlorides, bromides, and iodides to replace the halide group with an alkyl group. |
| Walden inversion | __________ is the inversion of configuration of a chiral center in a molecule in a chemical reaction. It is encountered in for example a SN2 reaction. |
| Alkylation | _____ is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. |
| Corey-House synthesis | The __________ is an organic reaction that involves the reaction of a lithium dialkyl cuprate with an alkyl halide to form a new alkane. |
| Wurtz reaction | The __________ is a coupling reaction in organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry and recently inorganic main group polymers, whereby two alkyl halides are reacted with sodium to form a new carbon-carbon bond. |
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