Physiology of breathing
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 respiration is | the exchange of gases between body tissues and the environment |
| External respiratory system | where exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood flow |
| Internal respiratory system | gas exchange occurs between the systemic capillaries and the tissues |
| Transport | O2 travels in the blood towards tissues, CO2 flows away |
| What are the 5 steps of respiration? | ventilation, gas exchange, gas transport, gas exchange, cellular respiration |
| 1. Ventilation | process of air moving in and out of lungs, supply alveoli with fresh O2 and remove CO2. Bulk flow |
| 2. Gas exchange | across alveolar membrane: O2 and CO2 move down their pressure gradients into or out of alveoli. Diffusion |
| 3. Gas transport | oxygen rich blood travels away from the lung and towards the heart, pumps it towards systemic tissues. Bulk Flow |
| 4. Gas exchange | across capillary membranes: O2 and CO2 move down their pressure gradients into or out of the capillaries. Diffusion |
| 5. Cellular respiration | cells in systemic tissues use up O2 and produce CO2 |
| What is Boyles law? | At constant temp, volume of gas is inversely related to pressure |
| Equation for Boyle's law | P1V1=P2V2 |
| Law of Partial pressures | Partial pressure of a gas is the amount of pressure that gas exerts individually |
| Equation of partial pressure | Px=Fx x Pb |
| What is Dalton's law? | Total pressure of a mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in that mixture |
| In the atmosphere what is the pressure = to? | 760mmHg |
| What is PB (barometric pressure)? | pressure of the atmosphere outside body |
| What is PA (alveolar pressure)? | pressure in the alveoli |
| What is PIP (intrapleural pressure)? | pressure of the fluid in the pleural cavity |
| Inspiration | Diaphragm and external intercostal contract, increase in throacic vol, lungs expand, increase vol (decrease pressure), air moves into lungs |
| To breath in... | PB>PA |
| Expiration | Inspriatory muscles relax, diaphragm moves upwards, decrease in thoracic vol and lung vol, increase in intrapulmonary pressure, air moves out of lungs |
| To breath out... | PA>PB |
| What is surfactant? | phospholipid produced by alveolar type II cells, lowers surface tension in alveoli |
| How does surfactant reduce surface tension? | reduce attractive forces due to H-bonding by becoming interspersed between H2O molecules |
| Lack of surfactant= | stiff lungs, neonate |
| What is the tidal volume? | volume of air that moves in and out during normal quiet ventilation |
| What is the inspiratory reserve volume? | Extra 3L can be inspried if external intercostal muscles contracted too |
| What is the expiratory reserve volume? | Extra 1.5L can be expelled if internal intercostal muscles contracted too |
| What is the residual volume? | after max expiration, lungs still partially inflated |
| What is the function residual capacity? | when breathing quietly, breathing with 2.5L already in lungs |
| What is the vital capacity? | When you breathe maximally in and out, you will by inhaling and exhaling 5L |
| What is the total lung capacity? | If you breathe all the way in, you hold about 6L in lungs |
| What is the inspiratory capacity? | tidal volume + IRV |
| tidal volume= | 500mL |
| IRV= | 3L |
| ERV= | 1.5L |
| RV= | 1L |
| FRC= | 2.5L |
| VC= | 5L |
| TLC= | 6L |
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