| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Quintilius Varus | Governor of Germany who failed to stop the revolt of the Teutoberg Forest in 9 A.D. under Arminius |
| Sulpicius Quirinius | Galatia became a province in 2s B.C. and he was the first governor |
| Deiotarus | The Galatian King who, along with Amintas, fought against people on Mt. Taurus in Asia Minor |
| Statillius Taurus | Built the first permanent amphitheater. |
| Egnatius Rufus | Built a private fire brigade in 26 B.C., challenging Augustus |
| Lepidus | Dies in 12 B.C. and Augustus replaces him as Pontifex Maximus. |
| Tigranes | Appointed by Tiberius after the assassination of Artaxias in 20 B.C. |
| Phraates | Parthian king involved in a war with Tiridates. |
| Artaxias | Son of Artavasdes who avenged his father by a massacre of Romans in Asia Minor |
| Ariobarzanes | Put on the Armenian throne by Gaius Caesar (grandson of Augustus) in 6 B.C. |
| Aelius Gallus | Egyptian prefect who invaded the Sabaeans, advancing to the capital Mariaba, where amicitia was declared. |
| Petronius | Governor of Egypt who advanced beyond the first cataract against the Ethiopian Queen Candace in 22 B.C. |
| Cornelius Balbus | Proconsul who occupied the oasis of Djerma in 19 B.C. |
| Cornelius Gallus | Governor of Egypt who was recalled in 26 B.C. for setting up stakes of himself. |
| Gnaeus Piso | Governor of Syria who went into Egypt without imperial permission and was later forced to commit suicide |
| Sertorius Marco | Praetorian officer appointed by Tiberius to trick and ultimately force the execution of the infamous Sejanus |
| Poppaeus Sabinus | Was the governor of Moesia for 25 years by Tiberius |
| Macro | Commander of the Praetorian Guard who made sure Caligula took the throne peacefully |
| Drusilla | The beloved sister of Caligula who died in 39 B.C. |
| Aemilius Lepidus | Former husband of Drusilla who was assassinated for conspiracy (against Caligula) |
| Cassius Chaerea | Praetorian officer who was the prime conspirator (sucessfully) against Caligula |
| Gnaeus Nonius | A Roman knight who tried to kill Claudius with a dagger |
| Messalina | Dangerous and influential (third) wife of Claudius |
| Scribonianus | Governor of Dalmatia who led a full scale revolt against Claudius in 42 A.D. |
| Narcissus | Chief Secretary of Claudius who had Messalina executed |
| Pallas | Financial Secretary of Claudius who convinced him to marry his niece Agrippina the Younger |
| Locusta | Poisoner who provided the poison to kill Claudius |
| Halotus | Imperial taster who sprinkled the poison on the mushrooms |
| Xenophon | Doctor who finished off Claudius |
| Afranius Burrus | Praetorian Commander who sort of watched over Nero in the early years of his reign |
| Seneca | Stoic Philosopher who influenced Nero |
| Britannicus | The son of Claudius by Messalina who was poisoned in 55 (he was rivaling Nero for the throne) |
| Ofonius Tigellinus | Became praetorian commander in 62 after Burrus died |
| Poppaea Sabina | A woman Nero developed a passion for, and he divorced and executed his former wife Octavia to marry her. |
| Calpurnius Piso | Led a significant conspiracy against Nero but it was betrayed |
| Epaphroditus | Private secretary of Nero who helped Nero to kill himself |
| Galba | Governor of Hispania Tarraconensis who was declared emperor in 68 A.D. by the Senate |
| Galba | Stabbed in the neck and killed by a soldier named Camurius |
| Otho | Wins over the praetorian guard and is declared emperor in January 69 A.D. |
| Vitellius | Declared emperor by the armies of Upper and Lower Germany in January 69 A.D. |
| Otho | Othonians defeated at the First Battle of Cremona in April 69, Otho kills himself. |
| Vitellius | Flavians defeat Vitellius at the Second Battle of Cremona in October 69. |
| Mucianus | While Vespasian holds Egypt, he marches towards Italy |
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