| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Palpebral reflex | Touching the eyelids causes blinking. |
| Toe pinch reflex | Pinching toe or foot web will cause withdrawal response. No response - Animal not sensing pain. |
| Corneal reflex | Touching the cornea of the eye with a tuft of cotton results in a blink. |
| Muscle tone | Decreases as the depth of anesthesia increases. Test by pulling on lower jaw/limb. |
| ECG | A measurement of the electrical activity of the heart, NOT A DIRECT INDICATION OF HEART FUNCTION |
| Esophageal stethoscope | Used to listen to the heart without going underneath sterile drapes. |
| Femoral pulse | Found high on the inside of the thigh |
| Sinus arrhythmia | The heart rate usually increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration. |
| Pulse oximeter | Shows pulse rate and the oxygen % |
| Common areas to check MM | Gums, eyelids, rectum, vulva, and prepuce |
| Canine heart rate (awake) | 60 - 180 bpm |
| Canine heart rate (anesthetized) | 60 - 150 bpm |
| Cat heart rate (awake) | 120 - 240 bpm |
| Cat heart rate (anesthetized) | 120 - 180 bpm |
| Horses heart rate (awake) | 30 - 45 bpm |
| Horses heart rate (anesthetized) | 28 - 40 bpm |
| Cattle heart rate (awake) | 60 - 80 bpm |
| Cattle heart rate (anesthetized) | 50 - 80 bpm |
| Canine respiration rate (awake) | 10 - 30 |
| Canine respiration rate (anesthetized) | 8 - 20 |
| Feline respiration rate (awake) | 15 - 30 |
| Feline respiration rate (anesthetized) | 8 - 20 |
| Horses & Cattle resp rate (awake) | 8 - 20 |
| Horses & Cattle resp rate (anesthetized) | 6 - 12 |
| Normal horse temperature | 99 - 100.5 |
| Normal cattle temperature | 100 - 102.5 |
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