Biology Chapter 6: The Chemistry of Life
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Created by:
emenkg01 on July 11, 2012
Classes:
Bush Biology, Biology 1st period
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atom | the building blocks of matter |
| Nucleus | center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons |
| protrons | positively charged particles |
| neutrons | particles that have no charge |
| electron | negatively charged particles located outside the nucleus |
| element | a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers or neutrons |
| compound | a pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine |
| covalent bond | the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared |
| molecule | a compound in which the atoms are held together by a covalent bond. |
| ionic bond | an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms |
| ion | an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons |
| van der waals forces | attraction forces between molecules |
| chemical reaction | the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances |
| physical change | alters the substance appearance but not its compostion |
| reactants | the starting substance; on the left side of the arrow |
| product | the substances formed during the reaction; on the right side of the arrow |
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy needed for the reactants to form products in a chemical reaction |
| catalyst | a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical energy |
| enzymes | the biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological process |
| substrates | the reactants that bind to the enzyme |
| active site | the specific location where a substance binds on an enzyme |
| polar molecule | molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges- they have oppositely charged reigons. |
| hydrogen bond | a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a floride, oxygen, or nitrogen atom. |
| mixture | a combinationof two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual charateristics and properties. |
| solution | another name for a homogeneous mixture |
| homogeneous mixture | when a mixture has a uniform composition throughout |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved in the solvent |
| acids | substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| bases | substances that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| pH | the measure of concentration of H+ in a solution |
| buffers | mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH in a particular range |
| macromolecule | large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together |
| polymers | molecules made form repeating units of identical of nearly identical compounds called monomers that are linked together by a series of covalent bonds |
| carbohydrates | compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydorgen atoms for each carbon bond atom |
| lipid | molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes |
| protien | a compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids |
| amino acids | small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| nucleic acids | complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information |
| nucleotides | nucleic acids are made of smaller repeationg subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and hydrogen atoms |
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