| Term | Definition |
|---|
| New England Climate | Harsh winters and short growing season |
| New England Geography | Hard, rocky soil |
| New England Economy | Trade was vital to economy. Local & overseas Fishing and ship building CROPS- cash crops |
| Middle Colonies | New York, New Jersey, Pennsylavania, Delaware |
| Middle Colonies Climate | Mild winters and long growing season |
| Middle Colonies Geography | Rolling hills and rich fertile soil |
| Middle Colonies Economy | Trade and Free enterprise Vital to Economy. Farmers- cash crops-wheat and flour : Shipyards Slaves were important to economy- indentured servents . Grew staple crops: Wheat, barley, oats |
| Southern Colonies | Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia |
| Southern Climate | Warm, subtropical and year long growing season |
| Southern Geography | Rich, good soil - many large, |
| Southern Economy | Agriculture vital to the economy: Enslaved Africans key to success: cash cropsof rice, indigo, tobacco - |
| Headright System | a sytem set up by the London co. Gave 50 acres land to colonist who paid their own way to Virginia & 50 extra acres to each person brought with them |
| Why was headright system important | Plantations were made possible with system |
| Navigation Act | A series of English laws requiring Colonies to trade primarily with England & set duties"taxes" on goods |
| Why was Navigation Act important | 1650-1696 it set taxes on trade products and helped colonist to interact with England in trade |
| Middle Passage | voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the west indies. 3 month journey. Slave trade brout 10 million Africans |
| Slave codes | laws passed in the colonies to control slaves |
| proprietors | owners |
| squanto | patuxed indian that gave the pilgrams useful information about surrsounding people and places |
| dissenters | people who disagree with official religious or political opinions |
| duties | taxes on imported goods |
| imports | items purchased from another country |
| exports | items that a country sells to another country |
| John Smith | 1608 Captain and colonist in Jamestown who forced settleers to work and build better housing to reduce number of deaths |
| separitist | wanted to seperate from Church of england |
| apprentice | people who learn skilled trades from a master craftsperson |
| Pocahontas | Wahunsonacoks daughter and John Rolf wife in 1614. Marriage helped peaceful relationship in Jamestown colony |
| What is difference between indentured slave and enslaved Africans | Indentured Slave: Signed contract to work for 4-7 years for passage to America. After could earn freedom & claim land. Enslaved Africans:Made Slaves with no choice- had no rights or freedoms |
| free enterprise | economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference |
| triangle trade | the trading system between the Americas, England ,West Indies and Africa; Africa would give slaves and rum to the Americas, including the West Indies; America would offer timber, tobacco, fish, and flour; England would manufacture goods such as furniture, tools, machines and ship back |
| Puritan | Protestant Christian who wanted to reform or PURIFY the Church of England from within |
| Pilgrim | a person who makes a journey for a religious reason |
| Quaker | A religious group that believe all people are equal and are basically good. They feel that violence is always wrong, and refused to carry guns or fight. They also believe in solving all problems peacefully. |
| Separatist | Protestants who, during the 1600's, wanted to leave the Anglican Church in order to found their own churches |
| merchantilism | the belief that money equals power, sell more than buy, more export than import |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. |
| Powhatan Confederacy | Group of Native Americans who traded with John Smith. The confederacy gets its name from its leader, Chief Powhatan. |
| Roger Williams | English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism |
| Anne Hutchinson | Puritan dissenter banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who fled to Rhode Island in 1638 |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield). First constitution written in America. |
| Covenant | a sacrad agreement with God |
| Toleration Act of 1649 | a Maryland law that made restricting the religious of Christians a crime |
| Bacon's Rebellion | 1676-A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attemp to gain more land |
| Olaudah Equiano | sold into slavery at age 11; after gaining freedom, he spoke out against slavery and published his autobiography |
| Why did planter turn away from indentured labor and toward slavery? | The cost of slave labor over time was less expensive. The planters could keep slaves for life time and plantation owners became rich. |
| What were the Navigation Acts and how did they affect the Colonies | The navigation acts only allowed colonist to do most of their trading with England. The taxes were high and colonist could not trade wtih other countires. It did not allow the colonist to have free enterprise. Colonist became angry with this idea. |
| What are major differences between Jamestown, Plymouth and MA bay | Jamestown- settled by poor men who wanted to make fortune and return to England. Not workers & not prepared. Settlement near marshy waters that had bad conditions. Many died. Plymouth: settled by men women and children. Well prepared & organized. Hard workers. Healthy climate & worked with Indians. MA Bay company- Puritan families. Well prepared to settle and work. Made friends with Indians. Worked the land. Education important. |
| 13 Colonies | The original states : Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, massachusetts, New jersey, New york, North Carolina, SOuth Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode ISland and Virginia |
| triangular Trade- colonies supplied England with what? | raw materials- furs, timber and tobacco |
| triangular Trade- colonies supplied West Africa with what? | rum |
| triangular Trade- colonies supplied West Indies with what? | Food |
| triangular Trade- England supplied colonies with what? | Tools, furniture, machines |
| triangular Trade- West Africa supplied colonies with what? | slaves |
| triangular Trade-West Africa supplied West Indies with what? | Slaves and Gold |
| triangular Trade- West indies supplied Colonies with what? | sugar,molasses and slaves |
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