Archaeology Ch 3
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Ground reconnaissance | discovery conducted at ground level; a collective name for a wide variety of methods for identifying individual archaeological sites, including consultation of documentary sources, place-name evidence, local folklore, and legend but primarily actual fieldwork |
| Aerial reconnaissance | discovery from the air or from space; an important survey technique in the discovery and recording of archaeological sites |
| Salvage Archaeology | the location and recording (usually through excavation) of sites in advance of highway construction, drainage projects, or urban development |
| Systematic (or Probabilistic) Survey | involves a grid system; survey area is divided into sectors and these are walked systematically which makes the recording of finds more accurate |
| Unsystematic survey | involves fieldwork; i.e. scanning the ground along one's path and recording the location of artifacts and surface features |
| crop marks | develop when a buried wall or ditch either decreases or enhances crop growth by affecting the availability of moisture and nutrients through changing the depth of soil |
| Geographic Information Systems | software based systems designed for the collection, organizing, storage, retrieval, analysis, and displaying of spatial/ digital geographical data held in different "layers" |
| Subsurface Detection | collective name for a variety of remote sensing techniques operating at ground level |
| probing | most traditional technique that uses rods or borers, helps note the positions where they strike solids or hollows |
| Geophysical sensing devices; Active | pass energy through soil and measure response |
| Geophysical sensing devices; Passive | measure physical properties like magnetism |
| Bosing | a subsurface detection method performed by striking the ground with a heavy wooden mallet or a lead-filled container on a long handle. A dull sound indicates undisturbed earth. Buried ditches or pits make a resonant sound. |
| Standing wave technique | ground struck continuously and the speed of waves is measured. |
| Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) | a method of subsurface detection in which short radio pulses are sent through the soil, such that the echoes reflect back significant changes in soil conditions. |
| electrical resistivity | The damper the soil, the better it conducts electricity |
| magnetometry | technique used to find the measurement of anomalies of the Earth's magnetic field, caused by the presence of archaeological remains in the ground |
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