| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Diffusion | Movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Concentration Gradient | Difference of substances. |
| Equilibrium | When the concentration of molecules is the same throughout space. |
| Osmosis | the process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Hypertonic | When a solute is a higher concentration than another solute. |
| Isotonic | When a solute is the same concentration in relation to another solute. |
| Contractile Vacuoles | Organelles that remove water from a cell. |
| Turgor Pressure | The pressure that water molecules exert on a cell wall. |
| Plasmolysis | When cells contract from their cell walls because of lack of water. |
| Cytolosis | When cells burst. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | When molecules diffuse across a cell membrane through carrier proteins. |
| Carrier Proteins | A protein that carries molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Ion Channels | Tunnels in the cell membrane for ions to diffuse through, usually specified for a particular ion. Some have gates, which react to three stimuli- stretching of the cell membrane, electrical signals, and chemicals in the surrounding environment. |
| Active Transport | When a substance moves from a lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, which requires energy. |
| Sodium - Potassium Pumps | a carrier protein designed to move sodium/potassium ions up their concetration gradient. |
| Endocytosis | Process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells. |
| Vesicle | Part of a membrane that becomes a membrane bound organelle that carries substances from external environments. |
| Pinocytosis | Transport of solutes and fluids through endocytosis |
| Phagocytosis | The movement of large particles or whole cells through endocytosis. |
| Phagocytes | Lysomal enzymes that fuze with vesicles that have ingested bacteria, and hunts them down and destroys them. |
| Exocytosis | The reverse of endocytosis. Vesicles fuze with the membrane and release/eject substances and oher cells. |
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