| Term | Definition |
| anarchy | total absence of rule or government; confusion; disorder |
| autarchy | rule by an absolute sovereign |
| hierarchy | body of rulers or officials grouped in ranks, each being subordinate to the rank above it; pecking order |
| matriarchy | form of social organization in which the mother rules the family or tribe, descent being traced through the mother |
| monarchy | state ruled over by a single person, as a king or queen |
| oligarchy | form of government in which a few people have the power |
| patriarchy | form of social organization in which the father rules the family or tribe, descent being traced through the father |