Scientists and their accomplishments
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Created by:
KerinaIvey on July 13, 2012
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Description:
Basic Principles of Science Biology Praxis II
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Aristotle | 350BCE Earth-centered (geocentric) universe |
| Ptolemy | 140CE mathematical model of geocentric universe with spherical orbits |
| Copernicus | 1530CE Earth spinning on its axis; sun-centered (heliocentric) universe |
| Galileo | 1564-1642 invented telescope; used investigative inquiry methods; confirmed heliocentric model; discovered details about moon, sun, and planets |
| Kepler | 1571-1630 proposed mathematical model for elliptical heliocentric orbits of planetary motion with varying speeds |
| Isaac Newton | 1643-1727 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy - explained the 3 laws of motion |
| Newton's first law of motion | Law of inertia (things at rest stay at rest, things in motion stay in motion) |
| Newton's second law of motion | Law of acceleration on force and mass (F=MA) |
| Newton's third law of motion | Law of action and reaction (every action has an equal and opposite reaction) |
| Newton's law of universal gravitation | every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. |
| Charles Lyell | 1797-1875 Principles of Geography - earth is older than previously thought, set stage for ideas of natural selection later proposed by Darwin; considered rock and sediment layering patterns and fossil placement |
| Albert Einstein | 1879-1955 Theories of Relativity - found that Newton's laws of motion didn't hold true in high velocity (~speed of light) or very small mass; E=MC2; mass and energy are equivalent; the speed of light in a vacuum is equal for all observers, regardless of their relative motion or of the motion of the source of light |
| Alfred Wegener | 1900s plate tectonics and moving continents |
| Antoine Lavoisier and John Dalton | 1700-1800s develop chemistry as a distinct science; describe atomic and elemental nature of matter and bonds |
| Marie and Pierre Curie, Ernest Rutherford, Enrico Fermi | discover and experiment with the radioactive nature of some elements resulting in the development of nuclear power and weapons |
| Charles Darwin | 1809-1882 Origin of Species - developed the mechanism for evolution of species as natural selection |
| Gregor Mendel | 1822-1884 advanced the understanding of inheritance (work with pea plants, etc) |
| James Watson and Francis Crick | 1950s understanding of molecular genetics and DNA (double helix structure) |
| Louis Pasteur | 1822-1895 discovered connection of "germs" with fermentation and disease and developed pasteurization process (sanitation) |
| Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann | scientists that who developed the cell theory |
| Antoine van Leeuwenhoek | first observed tiny organisms using a microscope (called them 'animalcules') |
| Robert Hooke | the first to use the term "cells" when he observed cell walls of dead cork under a light microscope |
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