IDS1152 Human Population and Air Pollution
About this set
Created by:
thumpaholden Plus on October 17, 2009
Subjects:
environmental science, Fatherree, human population, air pollution
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 6.8 billion | Population of humans in the world today |
| 306 million | Population of the USA today |
| 4.6 | Percentage that the USA is of the world's total population. |
| little over 9 billion | Likely population of the world in 2050 |
| demography | Study of statistical changes in the human population |
| crude birth rate | Number of births per 1000 people per year in a population |
| crude death rate | Number of deaths per 1000 people per year in a population |
| life expectancy | Average number of years a newborn can expect to live |
| infant mortality rate | Number of infant deaths per 1000 live births, before they reach the age of 1 year. |
| total fertility rate | Number of children each woman will have in a lifetime. |
| replacement fertility rate | Number of offspring needed to replace their parents in a population. 2.1 per couple in humans. |
| importance of children in the workforce | Factors affecting fertility rates: 1._____________; 2. cost of having and raising children; 3. educational and employment opportunities for women; 4. infant mortality rate; 5. availability of pension systems; 6. availability of abortions and birth control; 7. cultural and religious beliefs; 8. average age at marriage |
| cost of having and raising children | Factors affecting fertility rates: 1. importance of children in the workforce; 2. ._____________; 3. educational and employment opportunities for women; 4. infant mortality rate; 5. availability of pension systems; 6. availability of abortions and birth control; 7. cultural and religious beliefs; 8. average age at marriage |
| educational and employment opportunities for women | Factors affecting fertility rates: 1. importance of children in the workforce; 2. cost of having and raising children; 3. ._____________; 4. infant mortality rate; 5. availability of pension systems; 6. availability of abortions and birth control; 7. cultural and religious beliefs; 8. average age at marriage |
| infant mortality rate | Factors affecting fertility rates: 1. importance of children in the workforce; 2. cost of having and raising children; 3. educational and employment opportunities for women; 4. ._____________; 5. availability of pension systems; 6. availability of abortions and birth control; 7. cultural and religious beliefs; 8. average age at marriage |
| availability of pension systems | Factors affecting fertility rates: 1. importance of children in the workforce; 2. cost of having and raising children; 3. educational and employment opportunities for women; 4. infant mortality rate; 5. ._____________; 6. availability of abortions and birth control; 7. cultural and religious beliefs; 8. average age at marriage |
| availability of abortions and birth control | Factors affecting fertility rates: 1. importance of children in the workforce; 2. cost of having and raising children; 3. educational and employment opportunities for women; 4. infant mortality rate; 5. availability of pension systems; 6. ._____________; 7. cultural and religious beliefs; 8. average age at marriage |
| cultural and religious beliefs | Factors affecting fertility rates: 1. importance of children in the workforce; 2. cost of having and raising children; 3. educational and employment opportunities for women; 4. infant mortality rate; 5. availability of pension systems; 6. availability of abortions and birth control; 7. ._____________; 8. average age at marriage |
| average age at marriage | Factors affecting fertility rates: 1. importance of children in the workforce; 2. cost of having and raising children; 3. educational and employment opportunities for women; 4. infant mortality rate; 5. availability of pension systems; 6. availability of abortions and birth control; 7. cultural and religious beliefs; 8. ._____________. |
| carbon monoxide | Seven pollutants monitored by the EPA: _____, nitrogen dioxide, ozone (ground level), sulfur dioxide, lead, VOCs, particulate matter. |
| sulfur dioxide | Seven pollutants monitored by the EPA: carbon monoxide, _____, ozone (ground level), nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, VOCs, lead |
| nitrogen dioxide | Seven pollutants monitored by the EPA: particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, _______, ozone (ground level), lead, VOCs |
| ozone (ground level) | Seven pollutants monitored by the EPA: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, _______, particulate matter, lead, VOCs |
| particulate matter | Seven pollutants monitored by the EPA: VOCs, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone (ground level), nitrogen dioxide, _______, lead, |
| lead | Seven pollutants monitored by the EPA:, sulfur dioxide, VOCs, ozone (ground level), particulate matter, ______, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide. |
| VOCs | Seven pollutants monitored by the EPA: nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone (ground level), particulate matter, lead, ______, sulfur dioxide. |
| air pollution | chemicals and particles in the atmosphere in concentrations high enough to harm organisms or materials, or change climate. |
| dust storms, forest fires and volcanoes | Natural sources of air pollution (in alphabetical order) |
| burning fuels, industrial processes, and wastes | Man-made sources of air pollution (in alphabetical order) |
| primary pollutants | Pollutants that are harmful in the form in which they are released |
| secondary | Pollutants produced when substances mix with chemicals normally found in the atmosphere to form harmful ones |
| point source | Pollutants that are released from a specific location in large quantities |
| non-point source pollution | Pollution from which no single source produces large quantities, but where numerous smaller sources can release a larger total pollution |
| smog | a ground-level cloud that contains air pollutants, which typically forms over larger cities |
| industrial smog | Grey-air smog. The burning of fossil fuels produces carbon monoxide, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide which gives the air a grey color. |
| photochemical smog | Brown-air smog. Smog created when sunlight interacts with various chemicals to form pollutants. |
| indoor | Type of pollution with higher levels of common pollutants, particularly those used in construction. |
| radon gas | Pollutant that is really only a problem in indoor pollution. |
| acid deposition | Pollutant created when nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide mix with water to form dilute nitric acid and sulfuric acid. |
| chemically alters and acidifies soils | Detrimental effects of acid deposition: 1)________; 2) acidifies water bodies making them uninhabitable; 3) kills vegetation; 4) dissolves building materials. |
| acidifies water bodies making them uninhabitable | Detrimental effects of acid deposition: 1) chemically alters and acidifies soils; 2)___________; 3) dissolves building materials; 4) kills vegetation. |
| kills vegetation | Detrimental effects of acid deposition: 1) acidifies water bodies making them uninhabitable; 2) dissolves building materials; 3)__________; 4) chemically alters and acidifies soils. |
| dissolves building materials | Detrimental effects of acid deposition: 1) kills vegetation; 2) chemically alters and acidifies soils; 3) acidifies water bodies making them uninhabitable; 4) _____________. |
| Clean Air Act | Law that requires the EPA to develop and enforce regulations to protect the public from exposure to hazardous airborne pollutants |
| 30 | Percent that the Clean Air Act 1970 has reduced total emissions |
| 100 major and minor hazardous airborne pollutants | What chemicals are covered by the Clean Air Act 1970? |
| Clean Skies Act | Act drafted that set cumulative limits and trading for emissions by power plants, but which was not passed. |
| Kyoto protocol | Agreement that sets limits on carbon dioxide emissions on a global scale. |
| lack of enforcement | Main problem with the Clean Air Act. |
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