| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Microbiology | The study of microorganisms |
| Microorganisms | Tiny living things that can be seen only with a microscope |
| Autotrophic | An organism that makes its own food (plants) |
| Heterotrophic | An organism that CAN NOT make its own food (humans) |
| Prokaryote | An organism whose cells lack a nucleus |
| Eukaryote | An organism with cells that contain a nucleus |
| Unicellular | An organism tha tis made up of a single cell |
| Multicellular | An organism that is made up of many cells |
| Archaebacteria Kingdom | ancient bacteria, unicellular, autotrophic and heterotrophic, live on ocean floors (salt water, hot springs), require NO oxygen, Prokaryotes |
| Eubacteria Kingdom | Bacteria, Unicellular, Autotrophic and Heterotrophic, Different chemical make up than Archaebacteria, most are helpful, Prokaryotes |
| Moneria Kingdom | Arachaebacteria and Eubacteria combined |
| Protist Kingdom | "odds and ends kingdom b/c members are so different from each other, Protozoans, slime molds, downy mildews, algae, most are unicellular, Autotrophic and Heterotrophic, Eukaryotes |
| Fungi Kingdom | most mushrooms,molds, mildews, and yeast; Hetereotrophic, feed on dead and decaying organisms, Eukaryotes, some are unicellular, most are multicellular |
| Plant Kingdom | Variety of Organisms, some have flowers, some have no flowers, some tall, some small, some vascular and some nonvascular; autotrophic, feed almost all heterotrophic organisms, multicellular, eukaryotes |
| Animal Kingdom | found in diverse environments, 35 majory groups called phylum; Multicellular, Heterotrophic, Eukaryotes |
| Seven classes for living organisms | 1. Kingdom, 2. Phylum 3. class, 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species |
| Virus | small, nonliving particle that invades and reproduces inside a living cell |
| host | a living organism that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism |
| parasites | organisms that live on or in a host and cause harm to the host |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| what are the two parts of a virus | outer coat that protects the virus and inner core made of genetic material |
| active virus | immediatly takes over cell's functions and produce virus's proteins and genetic material |
| hidden virus | th virus's genetic material becomes part of the cell's genetic material. It may stay inactive for a long time; then suddenly becomes active and takes over the cell's functions and replicates. |
| Archaebacteria and Eubacteria | What are the two bacteria kingdoms? |
| everywhere on earth; soil, rocks, Arctic ice, volcanoes and all living things (can live in almost any environment including hostile such a hot springs and deep sea vents where the Archaebacteria live) | Where are bacteria found? |
| very small; one million would fit on the head of a pin | What size are bacteria? |
| both; b/c some bacteria can use the energy from the sun or chemicals to make food and some must obtain food from other organisms, living or dead | Are bacteria autotrophic or heterotrophic? |
| unicellular and prokaryotes b/c they are made up of a single cell which does not contain a nucleus | What is the cell structure of bacteria? |
| flagella | long, whiplike structures that extends out through the cell membrane and cell wall and helps the cell to move |
| binary fission | How do bacteria reproduce ?; splitting in two (some bacteria reproduce every 20 min) |
| pathogen | any organism that causes disease (1% of bacteria cause disease and death) |
| decomposing dead materials, helping to make food products and aiding in digestion, fuel and food production, environmental recycling and cleanup and production of medicines | what are useful functions of bacteria? |
| antibiotics | either kill bacteria or stop them from reproducing |
| antibiotic resistant bacteria | when bacteria mutate (change form)so they can not be killed by the antibiotics |
| cytoplasm | gel-like material isnide the cell membrane |
| ribosomes | located inside the cytoplams - tiny structures that are the chemical factories where proteins are produced |
| Asexual reproduction | reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offsprint that are identical to the parent |
| sexual reproduction | involves two parents who comine their genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents |
| conjugation | one baterium transfers some of its genetic material into another bacteria cell |
| respiration | the process of breaking down food to release energy |
| endospore | a small thick-walled resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell |
| decomposer | organism that breaks down the large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals |
| aerobic bacteria | live with oxygen |
| anaerobic bacteria | live without oxygen |
| cyanobacteria | type of eubacteria that are producers. make their own food using carbon dioxide, water and energy from sun; one celled organisms |
| lakes and ponds; red sea | where is cyanobacteria found? |
| carbon dioxide, water and energy from sun | what enables cyanobacteria to make their own food? |
| protein coating | what surrounds a virus? |
| to reproduce | what is a virus's goal? |
| genetic material | what is in the center of a virus? |
| influenza, small pox, polio, colds | what diseases are caused by virus? |
| vaccines are best defense; antiobiotics DO NOT work on viruses | what kills virus? |
| Recognition, Destruction and Memory | what are 3 functions of the immune system? |
| according to their shape | How are bacteria classified? |
| rod | bacillus |
| sphere | coccus |
| spiral | spirillum |
| saprophytes | bacteria that live on dead, decaying matter |
Combine with other sets
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