1.
Admiralty Courts.: Hated British courts in which juries were not allowed and defendants were assumed guilty until proven innocence.
2.
Baron von Steuben.: Organizational genius who turned raw colonial recruits into tough military soldiers.
3.
Boston Tea Party.: Event organized by disguised "Indians" to sabotage British support of British East India Company monopoly.
4.
CAUSE: A British attempt to seize the colonial militias' gunpowder supplies.: EFFECT: Precipitated the Battle of Lexington and Concord.
5.
CAUSE: American distance from England and the growth of colonial self-government.: EFFECT: Led to gradual developments of a colonial sense of independence years before the Revolution.
6.
CAUSE: British mercantilism.: EFFECT: Fostered restrictions on colonial manufacturing, trade, and paper currency.
7.
CAUSE: British troops sent to enforce order in Boston.: EFFECT: Were responsible for the Boston Massacre.
8.
CAUSE: Continental Congress's reluctance to tax Americans for war.: EFFECT: Resulted in the printing of large amounts of paper currency and skyrocketing inflation.
9.
CAUSE: The Boston Tea Party.: EFFECT: Prompted passage of the Intolerable Acts, including the Boston Port Act.
10.
CAUSE: The British government's attempt to maintain the East India Company's tea monopoly.: EFFECT: Spurred patriots to stage Boston Tea Party.
11.
CAUSE: The Intolerable Acts.: EFFECT: Prompted the summoning of the First Continental Congress.
12.
CAUSE: The large British debt incurred from defending the colonies in the French and Indian War.: EFFECT: Led Grenville to propose the Sugar Act, Quartering Act, and Stamp Act.
13.
CAUSE: The passage of the Stamp Act.: EFFECT: Was greeted in the colonies by the non-import agreements, the Stamp Act Congress, and the forced resignation of stamp agents.
14.
Champagne Charley" Townshend.: Minister whose clever attempt to impose import taxes nearly succeeded but eventually brewed trouble for Britain.
15.
Committees of Correspondence.: Underground networks of communication and propaganda, established by Samuel Adams that sustained colonial resistance.
16.
Continentals.: Currency authorized by Congress to finance the Revolution and depreciated to near worthlessness.
17.
Crispus Attucks.: Alleged leader of radical protesters killed in Boston Massacre.
18.
Enumerated.: The term for products, such as tobacco, that could be shipped only to England and not to foreign markets.
19.
First Continental Congress.: Body, led by John Adams, that issued a Declaration of Rights and ordered The Association to boycott all British goods.
20.
George Grenville.: British minister who raised a storm of protest by passing the Stamp Act.
21.
George III.: Stubborn ruler, lustful for power; served by compliant ministers like Lord North.
22.
Hessians.: German mercenaries hired by George III to fight the American revolutionaries.
23.
Intolerable Acts.: Harsh measures of retaliation for a tea party, including the Boston Port act.
24.
John Hancock.: Wealthy president of the Continental Congress and "King of Smugglers."
25.
Lord Dunmore.: British royal governor who encouraged runaway slaves to join his army.
26.
Marquis de Lafayette.: Nineteen-year-old major general in the Revolutionary army.
27.
Mercantilism.: The basic economic and political theory by which seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European powers governed their overseas colonies.
28.
Minute Men.: Rapidly mobilized colonial militiamen whose refusal to disperse sparked the first battle of the Revolution.
29.
Navigation Laws.: The set of Parliamentary laws, first passed in 1650, that restricted colonial trade and directed it to the benefit of Britain.
30.
Non-Importation Agreements.: The effective form of organized resistance against the Stamp Act, which made homespun clothing fashionable.
31.
Only colony formally planted by the British government.: Georgia.
32.
Quartering Act.: Legislation that required colonists to feed and shelter British troops and led to suspension of the New York legislature upon its refusal to obey.
33.
Redcoats.: Term for British regular troops, scorned as "lobster backs" and "bloody backs" by Bostonians and other colonials;British soldiers who fought against the colonists in the American Revolution; so called because of their bright red uniforms.
34.
Roman Catholicism.: Religion that was granted toleration in the Trans-Allegheny West by the Quebec Act, arousing deep colonial hostility.
35.
Royal Veto.: The British crown's reserved right to nullify any legislation passed by the colonial assemblies if such laws worked mischief with the mercantilist system. Used 469 out of 8,563 times.
36.
Samuel Adams.: Zealous defender of the common people's rights and organizer of underground propaganda committees.
37.
Stamp Act.: Legislation passed in 1765 but repealed the next year, after colonial resistance made it impossible to enforce.
38.
Tea.: The item taxed under the Townshend Acts that generated the greatest colonial resistance.
39.
The Association.: Effective organization created by the First Continental Congress to provide a total, unified boycott of all British goods.
40.
Two ideas taken root in the minds of American colonists by the mid-eighteenth century.: Republicanism and fear of corruption/threat to liberty posed by the arbitrary power of the monarch and his ministers relative to elected representatives in Parliament.
41.
Virtual Representation.: British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members.
42.
Whigs.: British political party opposed to Lord North's' Tories and generally more sympathetic to the colonial cause.
