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atom basic unit of matter nucleus center of atom, location of protons and neutrons electron negatively charged subatomic particle; outside shell element a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom isotope atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons compound a substance formed by combination of 2 or more elements in definite proportions ionic type of bond that involves the transfer of electrons ion positively and negatively charged atoms; atoms that have a charge covalent type of bond that involves the sharing of electrons molecule smallest unit of most compounds van der waals forces the slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules bond holds atoms in compounds together cohesion the attraction between molecules of the same substance adhesion the attraction between molecules of different substances mixture material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined solution mixture with evenly distributed molecules solute substance that is being dissolved solvent substance in which the solute is dissolved suspension mixture of water and nondissolved materials that does not settle out pH scale scale used by scientists that indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution acid any compound that forms H+ ions in ;pH values ranging from 0 to 7 base a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH- ions) in solution; pH values ranging from 7-14 buffer weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH;resist pH changes capillary action the rise of water in a narrow tube against the force of gravity proton positive charge; in nucleus neutron neutral subatomic particle hydrogen type of bond that holds molecules of water together polar word that describes the uneven distribution of electrons between the hydrogen and the oxygen atoms nonpolar electrons are shared equally btwn. the nuclei