U4 Judicial Branch
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Created by:
jonesatcma on October 18, 2009
Subjects:
Classes:
CMACandE1st2010, CMACandE3rd2010, CMACandE4th2010
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 justice | One of the nine members of the Supreme Court |
| Supreme Court | the only court officially established by the Constitution |
| lower courts | these are courts (like District Courts and Courts of Appeals) created by Congress |
| Chief Justice | The highest ranking Supreme Court justice |
| dissenting | Opinion written by a justice who votes in the minority |
| majority | Opinion written by a justice who votes in the majority |
| concurring | Opinion written by a justice who votes in the majority but for different reasons than the majority opinion |
| opinion | an explanation written by a SC justice as to explain the reasoning for a decision |
| precedent | a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case |
| jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case |
| original jurisdiction | the authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case |
| appellate jurisdiction | The jurisdiction of courts that hear cases brought to them on appeal from lower courts. These courts do not review the factual record, only the legal issues involved. |
| District Courts | Lowest level of federal courts, where trials are held (for federal crimes like tax evasion or fraud) |
| Courts of Appeal | appellate courts which review decisions of district courts |
| life | amount of time a justice or federal judge is appointed for |
| Marbury | SC case: established the principle of judicial review |
| judicial review | established by Marbury v. Madison this means the right of the SC to determine if a law violates the constitution |
| Korematsu | SC case (along with Schenck v. US):in war the rights of the government are sometimes greater than an individual |
| Tinker | SC case: black arm bands, free speech, students "don't shed their rights at the schoolhouse gates" |
| Hazelwood | SC case: limits student rights; principal can censor newspaper to protect the school community |
| Texas | SC case: establishes that burning the US flag (as a form of free speech) is constitutional |
| Plessy | SC case: "separate but equal" facilities are constitutional |
| Brown | SC case: rejects Plessy v. Ferguson, finds that segregated schools are not constitutional |
| Swann | SC case: allowed Charlotte to bus students to integrate schools |
| Bakke | SC case: colleges can use an applicant's race as a factor but can't set racial quotas |
| Roe | SC case: protects a woman's right to have an abortion |
| remand | To send a case from a court of appellate jurisdiction back to the court of original jurisdiction |
| First | SC cases like Tinker and Texas are about this amendment to the Constitution |
| separate but equal | three word phrase important to both the Plessy and Brown cases |
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