Chapter 1 - Understanding Cross Cultural-Psychology
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Access to Resources | the indicator of availability of material resources to a population |
| Activity | a process of the individual's goal directed interaction with the environment |
| Availability of Resources | a measure indicating the presence of and access to resources essential for the individual's well-being |
| Collectivism | behavior based on concerns for other people, traditions, and values they share together |
| Cross-Cultural Psychology | the critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology |
| Cultural Psychology | the study that seeks to discover systematic relationships between culture and psychological variables |
| Cultural Relativism | the view that eliminates particular moral and cultural values from research and offers the opinion that any value is good so long as this value is a norm in a particular culture |
| Culture | a set of attitudes, behaviors, and symbols shared by a group of people and usually communicated from one generation to the next |
| Ecological Context | the natural setting in which human organisms and the environment interact |
| Ethnicity | a cultural heritage shared by a category of people who also share a common ancestral origin, language, and religion |
| Ethnocentrism | the view that supports judgment about other ethnic, national, and cultural groups and events from the observer's own ethnic, national, or cultural group's outlook |
| Femininity | complex behavior rooted in the pursuit of interpersonal goals, friendly atmosphere, consensus, modesty, caring for the weak, and quality of life |
| Ideological (value-based) Knowledge | a stable set of beliefs about the world, the nature of good and evil, right and wrong, and the purpose of human life - all based on a certain organizing principal or central idea |
| Individualism | complex behavior based on concern for oneself and one's immediate family or primary group as opposed to concern for other groups to which one belongs |
| Legal knowledge | a type of knowledge encapsulated in the law and detailed in official rules and principles related to psychological functioning of individuals |
| Masculinity | complex behavior that promotes values such as heroism, achievement, assertiveness, and material success |
| Multiculturalism | the view that encourages recognition of equality for all cultural and national groups and promotes the idea that various cultural groups have the right to follow their own paths of development |
| Nation | a large group of people who constitute a legitimate, independent state and share a common geographic origin, history, and frequently language |
| Nontraditional Culture | the term used to describe cultures based largely on modern beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles, relatively open to other cultures, absorbing and dynamic, science-based and technology-driven, and relatively tolerant to social innovations |
| Popular (or Folk) Knowledge | everyday assumptions ranging from commonly held beliefs to individual opinions about psychological phenomena |
| Power Distance | the extent to which the members of a society accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally |
| Race | a large group of people distinguished by certain similar and genetically transmitted physical characteristics |
| Scientific Knowledge | a type of knowledge accumulated as a result of scientific research on a wide range of psychological phenomena |
| Sociopolitical Context | the setting in which people participate in both global and local decisions; it includes various ideological issues, political structures, and presence or absence of political and social freedoms |
| Traditional culture | the term used to describe based largely on beliefs, rules, symbols, and principles established predominantly in the past, confined in local or regional boundaries, restricting and mostly intolerant to social innovations |
| Uncertainty Avoidance | the degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity |
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