Competency 14: Knowledge of Cultural and Historical Connections in Music and Visual Arts
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Medieval Period | marked the beginning of musical notation, rise of courtly culture, and polyphony; characterized by both secular and sacred music (Includes music written during Middle Ages) |
| 450-1450 | When did the Medieval Period take place? |
| 1450-1600 | When did the Renaissance Period take place? |
| Renaissance Period | Increase in secular music, but also had sacred music; gradual change from a feudal system to the modern state and a change in people's view of Earth and cosmos |
| examples of Secular Music | madrigals and art songs |
| example of Sacred Music | Gregorian chants |
| Composers from Renaissance Period | Giovanni Gabrieli, Leonel Power, Josh Durstable, Antoni Busnois, Thomas Tallis |
| Composers from the Baroque Period | Tomaso Albinoni, Johann Sebastian Bach, Arcagnelo Corelli, George Firderic Handel, Antonio Vivaldi, Claudio Monterverdi |
| Baroque Period | known for its intricate ornamentation; "misshapen pearl" |
| 1600-1760 | When did the Baroque Period take place? |
| 1750-1820 | When did the Classical Period take place? |
| Classical Period | known for its balance and structure |
| Composers from the Classical Period | Joseph Hayden, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven |
| Composers from the Romantic Period | Ferdinando Carulli, Anton Reicha, Ludwig van Beethoven, Bernhard Henrik Crusell, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Franz Schubert |
| Romantic period | distinguished by being emotional, large, and programmatic; tried to increase emotional expressionism and power to describe deeper truths, and at the same time, preserve, and in some cases, extend the Classical period |
| 1820-1910 | When did the Romantic Period take place? |
| 1910-present | When did the Modern Period take place? |
| Modern Period | limitless in styles, incorporation of new instruments, sounds, and improvisation; involved a widening gap between "art" and "popular" music; it witnessed a phenomenal change in technologies, the advent of instantaneous global communications, and sound recording, the growth and eventual decline of totalitarian culture, and the birth of a "World Music" culture |
| Balada | a type of song that narrates or contains a story using a simple repeating rhyme; forms part of folk music and dance traditions; sentimental, romantic song |
| Blues | music genre that usually expresses melancholy and sadness; based on the use of the blues chord progression and notes |
| jazz, rhythm and blues, bluegrass, rock and roll | What styles/genres did Blues influence? |
| Cantata | From the Baroque Period; Considered most important genre of vocal chamber music of its period; involves several movements |
| Classical Music | traditional music genre conforming to an established form; composed and written using music notation and performed by professionally trained musicians; educated European tradition: art song, chamber music, opera, and symphony |
| Concerto | From the Baroque Period; written for one or more solo instruments with orchestra accompaniment; usually comprised of 3 movements in a fast, slow, fast arrangement |
| Contemporary African | highly diverse; shares many characteristics of Western popular music in the mid-twentieth century; began with advent of recording technology and development of recording industry |
| R & B, American soul music, Jamaican reggae | What styles are included in Contemporary African? |
| Country | American style of popular music based on the folk style of Southern rural United States or cowboys in the American West; until 1920s mostly performed at homes, churches, local functions on fiddles, banjos, and guitars; now commercial industry |
| Electronic | includes music involving tones originating from electronic sound and noise generators, which are used alone or combined; also involves electro means and sound-recording equipment |
| 1950s and 1960s; Europe, US, Japan | In what years were electronic music studios founded and where? |
| Electronic dance music or EDM | produced primarily for use in nightclub settings or dance-based entertainment with the music managed by disc jockeys |
| Folk | music that has been passed down form generation to generation by oral tradition and shared by an entire community; expression of the life of people in a community |
| Gospel | music that is composed to express personal or communal Christian life and beliefs; definition based on culture and social context |
| Hip Hop | genre consists of a rhythmical voice style called Rap which is accompanied by back beats; started in 1970s |
| Jazz | genre originated at beginning of 20th century in Southern United States African American communities; incorporates African and European music styles and 19th and 20th century American popular music |
| Latin American | includes music from Latin America and the Caribbean and a variety of styles; combines elements from European, African, and indigenous music (Salsa, Merengue, Cumbia, Son Cubano) |
| Mass | a choral composition associated with Roman Catholic Church service |
| Parts of Mass | What are the Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Offertory, Benedictus? |
| Motet "word" | applied to a number of highly varied choral musical compositions, which uses a polyphonic approach; 3-5 voices a cappella |
| Opera | a drama (tragic or comedy) with music as an essential part; mostly sung using recitative arials, choruses, duets, trios, etc |
| Oratorio | large-scale musical composition on a sacred or semi-sacred topic theme; composed for solo, chorus, orchestra; singing and storyline but no staging or costuming |
| Overture | instrumental composition for an introduction to an extended work, like opera or film; one-movement orchestral piece which usually has a descriptive or evocative title |
| Punk | rock music genre developed between 1974 and 1976 in US, UK, and Australia; usually fast-paced and typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political |
| Rock and Roll | popular music started in mid 1950s; roots in the rhythm and blues, country music, folk music, and jazz; its sound revolves around the electric and acoustic guitar, and a strong back beat; catchy melody |
| Sonata | "to sound"; classical music composition for one or more instruments; one of the instruments is usually a keyboard; usually consists of 3 or 4 independent movements |
| Suite | ordered set of instrumental or orchestral pieces, especially of the 17th or 18th century, which are performed in a concert setting; it can be parts from an opera or ballet; group of dances usually written for keyboard or ensemble of stringed or wind instruments |
| Symphony | an extended, large-scale piece in three or more movements written for a full symphony orchestra; fully refined in 18th century |
| Traditional African | very historically ancient, rich, and diverse; passed down orally and is not written; usually has functional intent as it's performed in celebrations, festivals, etc |
| Work song | usually a rhythmical communal song to accompany repetitious work; usually sung a capella by people working on physical and repetitive tasks |
| Art Movement | phrase used to describe a group of artists who have a specific style during a specific period of time |
| Prehistoric | period involves stone and bone figurines including images of women and birds, and cave painting by Paleolithic people in Europe, more than 20,000 yrs old |
| Ancient | period involves many types of art that were part of cultures of ancient places, like Africa, Central America, China, India, Japan, Egypt, Greece, and Rome |
| 19th Century | era included Romanticism (idealistic style focused on emotion rather than reason), Realism (everyday characters, situations), Naturalism (realistic), Impressionism (visibility); Monet, Renoir, Pissarro |
| Medieval | covers more than 1,000 years of art history in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, including major art movements and periods: Early Christian art, Migration period art, Celtic art, Byzatine art; also included some national and cultural styles like Crusade art, Ango-Saxon art, and Viking art |
| Renaissance | period included religious theme; realistic painting; changes in this era were not uniform across the board; art was more emotional and dramatic in nature (Sistine chapel, Mona Lisa, David) |
| Baroque | period included detailed and elaborate art often sculptures and paintings; drier and less dramatic and coloristic; Roman Catholic Church encouraged this style; building of opulent places, entrances of courts, grand staircases, and reception rooms |
| 18th Century | era included Rococo style which involved opulence, grace, and lightness; developed from decorative arts and interior design; involved furniture and decorative objects; Fragonard was important artist |
| 20th Century | Cubism, Photorealism, Graffiti |
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