| Term | Definition |
| learned behavior | takes place when behavior changes through practice or experience |
| innate behavior | more common in invertebrates |
| learned behavior | more common in vertebrates |
| habituation | occurs when an animal is repeatedly given a stimulus that is not associated with any punishment or reward |
| habituation | occurs when an animal ceases to respond to a stimulus |
| imprinting | form of learing in which an animal, at a specificu critical time of its life, forms a social attachment to another object |
| imprinting | is usually irreversible |
| trial-and-error learning | when an animal receives a reward for making a particular response |
| motivation | an internal need that causes an animal to act |
| motivation | in most animals, this often involves satisfying a physical need such as hunger or thirst |
| conditioning | learned by association |
| conditioning | demonstrated with Pavlov's dogs |
| insight | the most complex type of learning |
| insight | learning in which an animal uses previous experience to respond to a new situation |
| communication | an exchange of information that results in a change in behavior |
| language | the use of symbols to represent ideas |