Male reproduction system notes
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sympathetic | What division of the autonomic nervous systems plays a role in ejaculation? |
| dilate | During sexual excitement, what does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the arterioles? |
| bulbourethral | The parasympathetic nervous system also increases mucus secretions of what gland? |
| spinal reflex | What is a massive discharge of nerve impulses over the sympathetic nerves serving the genital organs? |
| bladder sphincter | During ejaculation, what muscle constricts to prevent expulsion of urine or reflex of semen into the bladder? |
| bulbospongiosus | During ejaculation, what muscles of the penis undergo a rapid series of contrations, propelling semen foward throught the urethra? (climax or orgasm) |
| spermatogenesis | What is the sequence of events in the seminiferous tubules of the testes that leads to the production of male gametes or sperm? |
| 14 | At what approx. age does spermatogenesis begin? |
| anterior pituitary | Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis and testicular hormone production involves interactions between the hypothalamus, ... gland and the testes. |
| 1. gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 2. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) 3. FSH 4. LH 5. GnRH, FSH, LH 6. inhibin | Sequence of events in spermatogenesis 1. Hypothalamus releases what hormone? 2. Binding the previous hormone to pituitary cells prompts the secretion of what two hormones? 3. What hormone stimulates spermatogenisis in the testes? Does so by making the spermatogenic cells receptive to testosterone's effect. 4. What hormone binds to interstitial cells and stimulates testosterone secretion? 5. Blood testosterone inhibits hypothalamic release of what hormone? And what hormones of the anterior pituitary? 6. What is produced by the sustentacular (Sertoli) cells in the testes which also inhibits FSH secrection and therby inhibits sperm production? |
| testes | What are the primary sex organs that produce sperm and hormones? |
| scrotum | What is a pouch of skin and superficial fascia that hangs at the roof of the penis? |
| 3 | The temperature must be about ... degrees lower to be essential for sperm life. |
| fascia | What divides into right and left halves that provides compartments for each testicle? |
| dartos muscle | What is the smooth muscle in the superficial fascia? Contraction of this muscle "shrinks" the scrotum. |
| cremaster muscle | What is the skeletal muscle that arises from the internal oblique muscles of the trunk? Contraction elevates the testes and brings it closer to the body wall. |
| 4 | Each testicle is approximately how many cm long? And it is 2.5 cm in diameter and is surrounded by two tunics. |
| tunica vaginalis | What is the outer tunic of the testicles called? |
| tunica albuginea | What is the inner tunic "white coat" of the testicles called? |
| lobules | The tunica albuginea divides the testes into what? |
| seminiferous tubules | Each lobule contains one to four tightly coiled what? |
| seminiferous tubules | What are the "sperm factories" where cells undergo the process of spermatogenesis in producing viable sperm? |
| interstitial cells (Leydig cells) | What are located in tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules? They produce the hormone testosterone. |
| spermatic cord | What is the connective tissue sheath entering the scrotum? Encloses blood vessels, nerve fibers and vas deferens. (inguinal canal, inguinal hernia). |
| abdominal aorta | Testicular arteries arise from what? |
| testicular veins | What forms a network called the pampiniform plexus around the artery? |
| pampiniform plexus | What absorbs heat and effectively cools arterial blood before it enters the testes? |
| autonomic | The testes are served by both divisons of the (autonomic/somatic) nervous system. |
| duct | The accessory organs form the ... system. |
| epididymis | What is the comma shaped coiled tube approx. 20 ft long that receives immature sperm from the testes and functions as a temporary storage site for sperm? |
| ductucs deferens | During ejactulation, smooth muscle in the walls of the epididymis contract and expel sperm into what? |
| 18 | How many inches long are the vas deferens? |
| spermatic cord | The vas deferens begins in the scrotal sack, runs upward from the epididymis through the inguinal canal into the pelvic cavity, enclosed within the what? |
| seminial vesicle | What does the ductus (vas) deferens join with the form the ejaculatory duct? |
| ejaculatory duct | What passes through the prostate gland and merges with the urethra from the bladder? |
| peristaltic | During ejaculation, smooth muscle in walls create what type of waves? |
| vasectomy | Cutting, cauterizing or "corking" the ductus deferens |
| prosthetic urethra | What runs from the bladder into the prostate gland where it meets with the ductus deferens? |
| membranous urethra | Which urethra exits the prostate gland and travels to the root of the penis? |
| penile urethra | What runs through the length of the shaft of the penis and opens as the urethral orifice to the body's exterior? |
| 60 | The seminal vesicles produce about ...% of the fluid volume of semen. |
| prostate gland | What gland produces a secretion that is a milky alkaline fluid that accounts for up to one third of the semen volume? It plays a role in activating sperm. |
| bulbourethral glands | What glands produce thick clear mucus that enters the urethra? It's secretions are released when a male becomes sexually excited. |
| semen | What is the milky white fluid mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions? It provides transport medium, nutrients, and contains chemicals that protect sperm and facilitate their movement. |
| glans penis | What is the enlarged end of the shaft of the penis? |
| prepuce (foreskin) | What is the cuff of skin around the proximal end of the glans penis? This is the tissue that is removed by circumcision. |
| three | Internally, the penis contains the (spongy) urethra and how many columns of erectile tissue? |
| erectile tissue | What is the spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle riddled with vascular spaces? |
| parasympathetic | During an erection, the vascular spaces fill with blood during sexual excitement which causes the penis to enlarge and become rigid. Which division of the autonomic system controls this? |
| corpus spongiosum | What is the column of erectile tissue surrounding the urethra? |
| corpus cavernosum | What are paired dorsal columns of erectile tissue? |
| perineum | What is the diamond shaped region between the pubic symphysis anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the ischial tuberositites laterally? |
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