| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Pre-Programmed Delivery Systems | release of the therapeutic drug depends ONLY on the initial design of the delivery system. |
| Closed-Loop Delivery Systems | self-regulating systems that respond to changes in the local environment. example is pH |
| Open-Loop Delivery Systems | externally-triggered drug delivery systems. |
| Examples of Open-Loop Delivery systems | magnetic fields, ultrasound, temperature and light |
| Controlled sustained | drug delivery can reduce the undesirable fluctuation of drug levels, enhancing therapeutic action and eliminating dangerous side effects. |
| Ester group | recognized and cleaved by esterases. |
| Esterases | enzymes which convert ester group to the active form of the drug |
| Prodrugs | more stable than PARENT drug, and easier to process, which may be beneficial during manufacturing of the drug. |
| Sparingly | soluble salts and is another modification beside ester |
| Acyl oxymethyl | derivatives of mercaptopurine and is another modification beside ester |
| Dextran | derivatives and is another modification beside ester |
| Peptide | modification to improve peptide and protein drug transport and is another modification beside ester |
| Enzymatic | enzymatic cleavage mechanisms are also another modification beside ester |
| Liposomes | another way to carry a drug to a site of action or to promote controlled release in the body. |
| Liposomes | uni- or multi-layered vesicles of phospholipids |
| Lipophilic | drugs are easily entrapped in lipid carriers. |
| Doxyorubicin HCL | -USED IN HIV/AIDS-encapsulated in polythylene glycol (PEG)- stabilized liposomes as a first-line therapy for the treatment of advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) disease |
| Liposomal Doxorubicin HCL | -USED IN NON HIV/AIDS- treatment of metastatic ovarian carcinoma |
| Stimuli-sensitive polymers | Long-chain macromolecules that are composed of repeating monomer units |
| Natural polymer examples | Proteins, Polysaccharides, Nucleic acids |
| Synthetic | Thermoplastic and Thermosetting |
| Thermoplastic | softens when heated and hardens upon cooling |
| Thermosetting | after hardens or cured by a chemical reaction does not soften upon subsequent heating |
| Elastomer | Polymers that exhibit large, reversible elastic deformations |
| Polymers that respond to minute changes in environmental conditions by large changes in their physico-chemical properties such as _________, _________, ______-____, __________,and ________ transparency. | Solubility, swelling, coil-globuse transition, permeability, and optical transparency. |
| Ligands may be complex with soluble _________ or ______ ________. | biomolecules or cell receptors |
| In terms of Stimuli- Sensitive Polymers, Separations based on | size- affinity- or ionic charge may be carried out with stimuli-responsive |
| Physical Environmental Stimuli | Temperature, Ionic strength, Solvents, E.M. radiation, Electric fields, Mechancial stress, strain, Sonic radiation, Magnetic fields |
| Chemical Environmental Stimuli | pH, specific ions, chemical agents |
| Biochemical Environmental Stimuli | Enzyme substrates, Affinity ligands, Other biochemical agents |
| N-isopropylacrylamide | temperature sensitive polymer |
| What are the forces in a gel when it undergoes a volume phase? (Four interactions) | Van Der Waals, Hydrophobic, H-bonding and electrostatic interactions |
| Hydrophilic comonomer | RAISES the LCST in terms of Copolymerization |
| Hydrophobic comonomer | LOWERS the LCST in terms of Copolymerization |
| Nanoshells | convert light to heat energy |
| You have survived!! Please look at p.13-15 to understand Optical Tunability and Photothermal Modulated Drug Delivery graphs! | GOOD LUCK ON THE EXAM! |
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