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species a group of individuals of common ancestry that closely resemble eachother and that are normally capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring habitat the locality or surroundings in which an organism normally lives or the location of a living organism population a group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time community a group of populations of organisms living and interacting with eachother in a habitat eco-system a natural unit of living (biotic) componenets and living (abiotic) componenets eg. termperate deciduous ecology the study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment and a community and its abiotic environment autotroph an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from a single inorganic substance such as carbon dioxide heterotroph an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances consumer an organism that cannot synthesise its own food and its dependant on complex organic substances for nutrition detritvore an organism that feeds on detritus or organic waste saprotroph an organism that feeds on or derives nourishment from decaying organic matter trophic a feeding level in a food web or food chain the precautionary principle when an activity raises the threat of harm, measures should be taken to avoid the harm even if a causes and effect relationship has not been established exponential growth phase unlimited growth of population due to absence of limiting factors transitional growth phase limiting factors are beginning to slow the rate of the increase of population plateu growth phase growth has ceased due to the action of limiting factors carry capacity maximum number of individuals in an environment