Chapter 9 The Progressive Era
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Terms, people, and concepts associated with the study of turn of the 20th century Progressive Era.
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Progressive Movement | reform effort, generally centered in urban areas and begun in the early 1900s, whose aims included returning control of the government to the people, restoring economic opportunities, and correcting injustices in American life. |
| Florence Kelley | advocate for improving the lives of women and children; appointed chief inspector of factories in Illinois; helped win passage of the Illinois factory act in 1893 which prohibited child labor and limited women's working hours. |
| prohibition | a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages |
| muckraker | writer or journalist of the early 1900s who uncovered shameful conditions in business and other areas of American life. |
| scientific management | hiring experts to study how goods could be produced more quickly |
| Robert M. La Follete | Progressive Republican who in Wisconsin, led the way in regulating big business. He made the railroad industry a major target. Nickname: "Fighting Bob" |
| initiative | allowed all citizens to introduce a bill into the legislative and required members to take a vote on it |
| recall | Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office |
| 16th Amendment | Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income. |
| 17th Amendment |  Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures. |
| 18th Amendment | Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages |
| 19th Amendment | Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Upton Sinclair | author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906 - wrote The Jungle |
| The Jungle | This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | 26th President of the United States, 26th president, known for: Progressive Politics, conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War |
| Square Deal | President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed |
| Meat Inspection Act | 1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 - the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs |
| conservation | the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality |
| William Howard Taft | 27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term. |
| Bull Moose Party | a name given to the progressive party, formed to support Theodore Roosevelt's candidacy for the presidency in 1912 |
| Election of 1912 | Presidential campaign involving Taft, T. Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize |
| Civil Rights Movement (early 20th century) | the efforts to end racial segregation |
| Booker T. Washington | Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | Harvard professor; believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediately; founded the NAACP |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | Corrected the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act; outlawed certain practices that restricted competition; unions on strike could no longer be considered violating the antitrust acts |
| Federal Trade Commission | A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy. |
| Federal Reserve System | The system created by Congress in 1913 to establish banking practices and regulate currency in circulation and the amount of credit available. It consists of 12 regional banks supervised by the Board of Governors. Often called simply the Fed. |
| National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | An organization founded in 1890 to demand the vote for women |
| Susan B. Anthony | (1820-1906) An early leader of the women's suffrage (right to vote) movement, co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in 1869. |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | A women's suffrage leader, she was twice the president of the NAWSA She was one of the main people attributed to woman's suffrage. |
| Alice Paul | Radical suffragist supporting protests against President Wilson and formed the National Woman's Party (1885-1977) |
| National Woman's Party | A group of militant suffragists who took to the streets with mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes to convince the govt to give them the right to vote. Led by Alice Paul. |
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