Ch 5: Integumentary (Skin)
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Created by:
DrDavila Plus on July 24, 2012
Subjects:
BIO101: Human Anatomy & Physiology
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37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 integument | covering; made of 2 parts: cutaneous membrane, or skin, & accessory structures |
| 6 integument functions | 1. cover & protect 2. maintain body temperature 3. produce Vitamin D upon UV-ray exposure 4. detects sensory information 5. nutrient storage (fat, glucose, water, salt) 6. excretes waste |
| 3 skin layers | 2 cutaneous layers: epidermis [epithelial tissue] & dermis [connective] 1 underlying tissue: subcutaneous tissue [connective]; aka hypodermis |
| epidermis | outer-most layer of skin; epithelial tissue; has 5/4 layers or keratinocytes, macrophages, and melanocytes; |
| stratum corneum | outermost layer of epidermis; made of flattened, dead, keratinocytes; these cells slough off, mostly into bath or dust |
| keratinocyte | skin cell that produces keratin (vast majority of skin cells) |
| keratin | hard, waterproof protein found in epidermis, hair, and nails; |
| stratum lucidum | epidermal layer deep to the s. corneum; 5th layer found only in thick skin on palmar & plantar regions |
| stratum granulosum | epidermal layer deep to the s. corneum/s. lucidum; keratinization (cell hardening) occurs here |
| stratum spinosum | epidermal layer deep to the s. granulosum; contains live keratinocytes and macrophages to defend from pathogens |
| stratum germinativum | deepest epidermal layer; aka stratum basale; keratinocytes undergo contstant mitosis here; cells then ascend through the epidermal layers until sloughed; melanocytes found here; |
| melanin | pigment that determines skin color; protects skin from UltraViolet rays (from sun or lightbulbs); produced in melanocytes in s. germinativum; |
| melanocyte | melanin-producing cell found in s. germinativum; |
| hemoglobin | red-pigmented protein found in red blood cells; red when bound to O2; gives pink undertone in light-skinned people |
| urticaria | rash of itchy wheals (raised hives); an acute allergic reaction |
| pruritus | itchiness |
| erythema | redness of skin; no raised wheals; often from injury, infection, and inflammation, or blushing |
| carotene | yellowish pigment found in epidermis |
| dermis | fibrous connective tissue deeper than epidermis; contains accessory structures of skin; provides nutrients to epidermis |
| hair | column of dead, compacted keratinocytes produced in hair follicle; protects scalp and orifices; provides sensory information |
| hair follicle | tubelike pocket of epidermal cells that extends into dermis, where hair is produced |
| hair shaft | visible portion of hair |
| hair root | portion of hair inside the follicle below the epidermis |
| sebaceous gland | sebum (oil) gland of skin; often empties into hair follicle |
| ceruminous gland | found in external auditory canal; prodcues cerumen |
| cerumen | ear wax; protects eardrum (eg, trauma, infection, and dehydration |
| sudoriferous gland | sweat gland; produces sweat to cool body via evaporation |
| subcutaneous layer | connective adipose tissue layer deep to dermis; connects dermis to underlying muscle tissue; insulates and cushions; aka hypodermis; no major organs: IDEAL for INJECTIONS (Sub-Q injections) |
| skin sensory receptor | provide Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) information from environment about touch & pressure, temperature, and pain |
| nail | sheet of dead, compacted keratinocytes produced in; nail root; protects fingertips |
| cuticle | superficial band of epidermis covering nail bed, made of keratinocytes |
| vitamin D | produced in skin upon UltraViolet radiation (light); aka sunshine vitamin |
| vasodilation | blood vessels increase in size & bloodflow (eg, skin when body is hot); contributes to sweat & heat loss |
| vasoconstriction | blood vessels decrease in size & bloodflow (eg, skin when body is cold) |
| thin skin | skin type covering most of the body; only has 4 layers, no s. lucidum |
| thick skin | skin type covering only on palmar & plantar regions; has 5 layers, including s. lucidum |
| dermal papillae | folds, or ridges, of dermis into overlying epidermis; contributes to fingerprints; blood vessels and nerves inside; |
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