AP Psychology
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123 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 first textbook; prinicple of psychology | William James |
| established first psych lab at Univ. of Leipzig | Wilhelm Wundt |
| first psych lab in US | Stanley Hall |
| collective unconscious | Carl Jung |
| childhood social tensions; personality development | Alfred Adler |
| founded behavior | John Watson |
| study of learning; conditioning | Ivan Pavlov |
| operant conditioning; inborn | BF Skinner |
| learning of rats and cats; law of effect | Edward Thorndike |
| Bobo doll; modeling important | Albert Bandura |
| humanistic therapy | Carl Rogers |
| growth potentional: humanistic | Abraham Maslow |
| child mind developing | Jean Piaget |
| zone proximal developing; private speech | Lev Vygotsky |
| attachment | Mary Ainsworth |
| development of moral reasoning | Lawrence Kohlberg |
| storing memories; removing cortex | Karl Lashley |
| soure of amnesia; misinformation effect | Elizabeth Loftus |
| intelligence test | Alfred Binet |
| personality fundamental traits | Gordon Allport |
| perspective; personality 16 PF test | Raymond Cattell |
| Locus of control; chance determines fate | Julian Rotter |
| modest relationships of students | Walter Mischel |
| studied language; will naturally occur | Noam Chomsky |
| theory of multiple intelligences (most recent) | Howard Gardner |
| psychosocial development (lifespan) | Erik Erikson |
| Stanford Prison Experiment | Philip Zimbardo |
| Obedience experiment | Stanley Milgram |
| immobility, negativism, repeating of others actions | Catatonic schizophrenia |
| what stage of sleep do sleep spindles occur | 2 |
| administers; interprets tests | Psychologist |
| medical doctor who can prescribe drugs | Psychiatrist |
| Piaget: object permanence, stranger anxiety, experiencing the world | Sensorimotor |
| Egocentrism, lack logical reasoning | Preoperational |
| conservation, math | Concrete Operational |
| abstract reasoning | Formal Operational |
| enables muscle action, learning, and memory, neurotransmitter | Acetylcholine |
| alertness and arousal | norepinephrine |
| CANOE: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extroversion | Big Five Personality Factors |
| links between brain and mind; observable | Biological |
| changing abilities occurring over life span | developmental |
| how we perceive, think, and solve problems | cognitive |
| investigates our persistent traits | personality |
| we view and affect one another | social |
| inherited traits are to learned habits as the _____perspective is to the ___perspective | evolutionary; behavioral |
| personality development; past experiences, study of behavior; unconscious | psycho-dynamic |
| perception doesn't exist (give sugar to a child to be more hyper) | Illusory Correlation |
| learned helplessness | external locus of control |
| mimics | agonist |
| control breathing and heartbeat; couldn't live with out it | Medulla |
| hunger, sleep, body temp., sexual behavior | hypothalamus |
| eating, drinking, emotion, new memories | hippocampus |
| an accelerated heartbeat is to a slowed heart beat as the ___nervous system is to the ____ nervous system | sympathetic; parasympathetic |
| major link between nervous system and endocrine system | hypothalamus |
| muscle movements involved in speech | Broca's area |
| incorporating new info into existing theories is to ___ as modifying existing theories in light of new info is to ____ | assimilation; accommodation |
| self interest, obey not to get punished or get rewarded | Preconventional morality |
| caring for others | conventional |
| ethical principles apply | post convential |
| Freud Stages of development | Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital |
| sensing position and movement of body | Kinesthesis |
| sensation is to __as perception is to ___ | detection; interpretation |
| initial learning stage; first stage of conditioning-first when info is grasped and processed | acquisition |
| unpleasant consequence that decreases the frequency of the behavior that led to punished | punishment |
| rewarding behavior; continues | reinforcement |
| adds aversive,unpleasing stimulus | positive punishment |
| adds pleasant stimulus | positive reinforcement |
| removes pleasant stimulus | negative punishment |
| removes a negative stimulus | negative reinforcement |
| a charitable organization makes an average of ten phone calls for every donation it receives, is on what type of schedule of reinforcement? | variable-ratio |
| getting a paycheck at the end of 2 weeks, is on what type of schedule of reinforcement?...same time | fixed-interval |
| specific number of responses; same amount, have to do something | fixed-ratio |
| unpredictable time; different time every time (pop quiz) | variable-interval |
| learning associations between one's own personal actions and resulting events is most relevant to the process of.. | operant conditioning |
| directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. this illustrates what? | classical conditioning |
| falling or staying asleep | insomnia |
| hypnotized subjects really are in an altered state of consciousness | dissociation theory of hypnosis |
| large, slow brain waves with deep sleep | delta waves |
| promising people monetary rewards for doing what they already enjoy doing is most likely to undermine... | intrinsic motivation |
| can't tell learning has taken place unless tested upon | latent learning |
| perform behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishments | extrinsic motivation |
| ___most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development and ___ influential in shaping our understand of moral development | Piaget; Kohlberg |
| no memories before trauma | retrograde amnesia |
| can't create new memories after the fact | anterograde amnesia |
| memory of specific past events involve time and place; automatic | episodic memory |
| organizes and interprets information | schema |
| simple thinking strategy; more prone to errors but faster | heuristic |
| accuracy | validity |
| consistency | reliability |
| relationship between grammatical categories of language a person speaks and how that person understand the world | hypothesis of linguistic relatively |
| storage retaining information : visual stimuli, picture image memory | iconic memory |
| storage retaining information : auditory stimuli; sounds | echoic memory |
| retaining info : just to do it, procedure; short term | implicit memory |
| retaining info : facts and experiences; events, specific time; long term | explicit memory |
| unconsciously; getting ready for something | priming |
| judging based on prototype: tall baseball players perceived as a basketball player | representative heuristic |
| seeing murders that happened and then you think about in your memories of what you have seen | availability heuristic |
| language determines the way we think | linguistic determinism |
| the inability to take a new perspective on a problem | fixation |
| general capactiy for a persons specific mental abilities | g factor |
| garder added to his original seven intelligences | naturalistic |
| Ellen was emotionally aroused by a TV horror movie. She became angry when her younger brother momentarily blocked her view ofthe screen. when her movie viewing was interrupted by a call from her boyfriend she experience romantic feelings. this different emotional reaction to her brother and her boyfriend are explained... | Catharsis Hypothesis |
| personality structure : pleasure principle, natural | Id |
| personality structure : reality; bring pleasure rather than pain in realistic views | Ego |
| personality structure : strive for perfection; future aspirations | Superego |
| test that expresses inner feelings | TAT test |
| test that identifies emotional disorders | MMPI |
| test like MMPI which tests a pool of items and then selects those that discriminate between groups | Empirically Derived Test |
| having a strong confidence ; Julian Rotter | internal locus of control |
| According to Freud, the ___ is: the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware | unconscious |
| These two groups of people label behavior as disordered when it is deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional | Psychologists and psychiatrists |
| seeing one-eyed monsters would be ___; believing you are the Pope would be a ___ | hallucination;delusion |
| a lack of conscience is a characteristic of their type of personality disorder | antisocial personality |
| the major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of... | memory |
| personality disorder: detachment to social behaviors, restricted range of emotion, no love, very cold | schizoid |
| personality disorder: feels abandoned, unstable relationships | borderline |
| conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors | counterconditioning |
| pleasant and relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. to treat phobias | systematic desensitization |
| disease to which patients believe there is something wrong with their bodies, paralysis | somatoform |
| the procedure that will least likely result in loss of memory | electroconvulsive therapy |
| scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to | social psychology |
| how people explain others' behaviors | Attribution theory |
| unselfish concern; study about a tragic murder of Kitty Genovese | altruism |
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