Chapter 4 Vocabulary: Genetics
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Created by:
brynathomson on October 19, 2009
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Heredity | the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Trait | each different form of a characteristic |
| Genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| Fertilization | the joining of a sperm and an egg |
| Purebred | offspring of many generations that have the same trait |
| Gene | are the factors that control a trait |
| Alleles | are the different forms of a gene |
| Dominant allele | one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| Recessive allele | is hidden when the dominant allele is present. It will only show up if the organism does not have the dominant allele |
| Hybrid | organism with two different alleles for a trait |
| Probability | a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur |
| Punnett square | chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| Phenotype | physical appearance or visible traits of organism |
| Genotype | genetic makeup or allele combination of organism |
| Homozygous | when an organism has two identical alleles for a trait (RR) |
| Heterozygous | when an organism has two different alleles for a trait (Rr) |
| Codominance | the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring |
| Incomplete dominance | pattern of inheritance in which neither allele is fully dominant |
| Meiosis | the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells (sperm and eggs). |
| Messenger RNA | copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm |
| Transfer RNA | carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein |
| Mutation | any change in a gene or chromosome |
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