| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Roots of Conflict (civil war) | main conflict between north and south was slavery. States rights (feds and anti feds). Economic structure: industrial revolution in the north and agriculture in the south. Taxes on importing and exporting. Lincolns election was the turning point (south knew they lost) |
| William LLoyd Garrison | The liberator was his weekly paper. Became the voice of the anti- slavery movement. He advocated about the immediate emancipation of all slaves and rights of all blacks. His writings were not just geared towards blacks, to slave owners to educated them. Paper lasted to the end of the civil war. He was a pacifist (no fighting or uprisings). His followers were Garrisonians- they spread the message of abolition. Very influential through his paper and speeches |
| Elijah Lovejoy | loyal Garrisonian. He was anti-catholic and anti-slavery. His paper was the St. Louis Observer. A mob attacked his paper and he died trying to defend it. |
| James Birney | He disagreed with Garrison on certain details. He wanted slavery to be abolished but for them to return to Africa. He left his state because the pro slavery mobs destroyed his paper. Wrote for Tappan in the National Era. |
| Lewis Tappan | His paper was the National Era. Published 2 Uncle Tom's Cabin installments. Largest circulation in all the abolitionists papers. |
| The Black Press | abolitionists paper that had black writers and editors. Many of them didnt have enough funds to start a paper. |
| John Russwurm | The leading spirit of Freedom's Journal. First black college graduate. White abolitionists supported it, but few blacks could afford it. Paper stopped because of financial problems. |
| David Walker | He believed in violence to get rid of slavery. (any means necessary). Freed slave and store owner. He held meetings designed to lay plans for slave insurrection. |
| Frederick Douglass | The North Star was his paper. He escaped from slavery. Taught himself how to read and write. Very influenced by Garrison. Wrote a book- a narrative about himself and life. His book brought him fame and he was sent back to his slave owner since he was a runaway slave. He fled to England. Contributors raised enough money to bring him home and he started his paper and lasted for 17 years. |
| Special Correspondents | the war brought out special correspondents and the widespread use of the telegraph to gather news. Called the Bohemian Brigade. |
| Wartime Press (north and South) | Union and Confederacy |
| Magazines during the war | provided in depth coverage. difficult to compete with newspapers because they came out weekly and newspapers were printed daily. |
| Lincoln and the press | He would allow them to have access to his press conferences and be intimate with him. |
| Bennett | originally in favor of letting the south secede. Later switched sides and became a pro supporter of the war effort. |
| Greeley | against slavery and was friends with Lincoln. Wrote graph of Emancipation Proclamation. (freed slaves in the south). Left whig party and became a republican |
| Raymond | left the whig party and became a republican. Battle of Bull Run was considered a masterpiece. |
| Lincoln and the Civil War | Considered the best president. Southerners had a bad day when Lincoln was assassinated because he was willing to accept the South back into the Union. |
| The Enormity of the War | Over 5 million in the army. 620,000 died on both sides. |
| William Sherman | was in an insane asylum before the war. He was a general of the war and told the press to go home.He was mad because the journalists had disclosed military information to the enemy. When a reporter filed a story that was a clear violation of censorship, he had him arrested as a spy. |
| Ulysses S Grant | Unconditional Surrender Grant. He was a general at the time and was being spied on by Lincoln's cabinet. They wanted to know what he was doing and what he was capable of doing. |
| Byline | columnist had to sign hid name next to his article |
| Thomas Nast | First political cartoonist |
| Press censorship during civil war | they had freedoms to write and print any story they saw fit. they could not print any military strategies that gave away improtant and valuable information. The south was much better at censorship than the north at the beginning of the war. The north increased its censorship of the media and was organized and effective by the end of the war. |
| Mob Censorship | mobs wanted to take down Greeleys paper. They did not agree with his abolitionist views. The paper escaped from harm except for a few stones. The mobs tried to shut down the papers that wanted slaves freed. |
| censorship by armies | they effectively censored newspapers or newsmen. they took punitive action against the correspondents. |
| formalized censorship | required correspondents to submit their copy to provost marshals who were instructed to delete only military information. |
| suspension | Lincoln, to save the union, permitted his government to employ high-handed infringements of fundamental freedoms. For example writes of habeas corpus were suspended and widespread censorship was instituted b the military and the post office. |
| impact of civil war on the press | press starts to become a booming and bigger business, modern journalists emerge, improved methods of printing, sunday editions (because people wanted a continuous coverage on the war), new agencies emerged, birth of syndication, and circulation doubles. |
| impact of civil war on the Practice of Journalism | saturation coverage (fast and current and fascinating news), visual journalism, photojournalism, newswriting style. |
| John Brown's Raid | a breaking trial that all journalists were sent to. Brown attempted to establish some type of abolitionist republic in the Appalichian Mountains and make war on slavery with fugitive slaves and some whites. He shot and killed 4 people. He was hanged to death. |
| new reporting style | readers now wanted news stories from the correspondents in the fiels, and they wanted those news stories as soon as possible. |
| Newswriting Style | in using the telegraph as chief transmitter of stories, correspondents learned to write more concisely since transmission was expensive. Stories were more readable. the telegraph also gave rise to the invention of the summary lead (the first paragraph contains the who,what,where.and why of the story) |
| Sunday Editions | important because it serves as a wrap up to the war |
| The Associated Press | 1849 |
| Bennett and pooling system | going in with other newspapers and having one ship go out and retrieve the information and the bringing it back to disperse. |
| syndication | in broadcasting, the sale of the right broadcast radio shows and t.v. shows to multiple individual stations without going through a broadcast network. |
| Bohemian Brigade | Journalists who went out to seek informational journalism. They came ready to fight sometimes. They were rough, rowdy, courageous, and competitive. Correspondents were equipped with their revolver, field glasses, notebooks, a blanket, a sack for provisions and a good horse. They worked long hours to get the story. |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace