| Term | Definition |
|---|
| separatists | unlike Puritans, didn't believe that the Anglican Church could be reformed and were in favor of creating a new church entirely that was truly Protestant |
| James I | began successful english settlement, oversaw translation of bible into english ( the king james bible) |
| charles I | executed at the end of the english civil war |
| english civil war | Charles I was trying to force Anglican reforms on the Scottish Church, but the Scots didn't want this and wanted to abolish Bishop control over the church. Scottish Assembly as Glasgow rejected the reforms, and Charles marched against the Scots. Led to the war |
| commonwealth | also known as the Interregnum; period when Puritans dominated in England; epitomized by leader Oliver Cromwell |
| oliver cromwell | leader of the commonwealth in England; wrote a constitutions called the Instrument of Government that is the only written English constitution; many wanted him as king, but he wouldn't accept the title |
| Charles II | Charles I's son who was returned to the throne after the commonwealth; realized that trouble came from religion and was moderate in religious matters |
| James II | Charles II's brother; next to rule; very openly Catholic; most people willing to tolerate it because there was only a small possibility of a male Catholic prince; when he had a son, was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution |
| Glorious Revolution | bloodless revolution during which Catholic James II was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange |
| William and mary | replaced James II as rulers of England during the Glorious Revolution |
| john locke | asked by William and Mary to write a justification of the Glorious Revolution; wrote Two Treatises on Government, which presented the contract theory and the Right of Revolution; went against absolutism |
| contract theory | idea that government is a contract between the rulers and the people and that people have a right to revolt and create a new contract if the government violates it |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in the New World; named after James I |
| virgnia company | chartered by James I; founded Jamestown and Plymouth |
| powhatan | chief of the Indians in the Jamestown area, which were known as Powhatans |
| captain john smith | a Jamestown settler; made a rule for the settlers: if they didn't work, then they didn't get to eat |
| dale's code | first set of laws for Jamestown |
| john rolfe | grew tobacco; married daughter of Powhatan, Matowaka (Pocahontus) |
| Pocahontus | aughter of Powhatan; married John Rolfe; made trip to England and died of fever |
| Opechancanough | Powhatan's brother; led war against Jamestown; killed 347 settlers, but at that time there was already a large enough number that it had no significant effect on them |
| Chesapeake Bay | a virtual paradise with many sources of food; Maryland established across from it |
| maryland | a refuge for catholics |
| lord baltimore | proprietor of maryland |
| plymouth colony | established by the english pilgrims, or separatists |
| william bradford | minister that led the Pilgrims to Plymouth; contracted the Mayflower |
| Mayflower Compact | early law code put together by the Pilgrims while still aboard the Mayflower; signed by the passengers that were Brownists ("saints") |
| Wampanoag | relatively friendly Indian group encountered by the Pilgrims |
| squanto | iving with the Wampanoags; could speak English; taught Pilgrims how to croup crops and hunt fish |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | Puritan; had bad relations with the Indians because there were very intolerant of other religions; had intention of creating a society in New England that would serve as a model for reforming the Anglican Church |
| John Winthrop | Massachusetts Bay Colony leader |
| Anne Hutchinson | religious beliefs included an emphasis on and individual's direct communication with God; argued theology with Winthrop; example of how women had no role in Massachusetts Bay |
| Roger Williams | believed in complete liberty of conscience; considered the first true Baptist; stressed tolerance; left Massachusetts Bay Colony and established a new colony, Rhode Island |
| Peter Minuit | traveled to Manhattan Island and purchased it for the Dutch for $24 |
| New Amsterdam | city built on Manhattan Island; wall that surrounded it ran along where Wall Street is now; taken by the English during Louis XIV's wars |
| Peter Stuyvesant | last Dutch governor of New Amsterdam |
| Quakers | pacifist Christians; believed in their inner spirit, their "inner light" and when filled with it would quake with religious fervor |
| William Penn | Quaker leader who obtained charter to found a colony; Pennsylvania was a "holy experiment" and was based on religious freedom and peaceful relations with Native Maericans, in addition to benefitin financially from the sale of the land |
| James Oglethorpe | founded Georgia; wanted somewhere for debtors (in England, they would have to work in a debtor prison, which could take generations to get out of) |
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