Organic Chemistry II - Exam 3
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 H2SO4 and an alcohol! | The acid H2SO4, with an alcohol, will add an ester group to a carboxylic acid. |
| CH2N2 in ether | Transforms the alcohol on a carboxylic acid into an ester. |
| KMNO4 in acid | Causes oxidative cleavage with alkynes and alkenes. Terminal alkenes and alkynes yield a carboxylic acid and CO2 group. |
| CrO3 in acid | Adds a carbonyl to an alcohol. |
| H2CrO4 | Turns an aldehyde into a carboxylic acid. |
| AGO2 in THF and NaOH | Turns an aldehyde into carboxylic acid. |
| K2Cr2O7 in water with acetone | Turns an alcohol into carboxylic acid. |
| K2Cr2O7 in water with acetone and acid | Turns an aldehyde into a carboxylic acid. |
| CO2 and Grignard Reagent | Replaces the Magnesium Halide into a carboxylic acid. |
| O3 (ozone) in (CH3)2S | Causes oxidative cleavage of alkyne/alkene bonds. Alkenes yield aldehydes and carbonyls - while alkynes make two carboxylic acids. |
| HNO3 | Cleaves the double bond of an enol - yielding two carboxylic acids. Enols formed from ketones. |
| LiAlH4 with acid and ether | The only thing strong enough to reduce a carboxylic acid into an alcohol - but gentle enough so it doesn't diminish alkene bonds. SEPERATES ESTERS AND CONVERTS THEM TO ALCOHOLS. |
| SOCl2 | Turns the alcohols of carboxylic acid into chlorides. |
| R-Li (In Acid) OR R-MgBr (In Acid) | Will react with esters, adding TWO R groups and reducing the carbonyl to an alcohol. |
| (R)2CuLi in COLD ether, followed by water | Removes the halide of an acyl halide and replaces it with ONE R group, forming a KETONE. |
| LiAlH4 in water | Shears the oxygen off an amide, turning it into an amine. |
| DIBALH in cold toluene followed by acid | Removes ester oxygen, replaces with hydrogen - converts esters into aldehydes. |
| Possible Reagents for Conversion of Alcohols into COOH | CrO3 (Chromium Trioxide) in acid. K2Cr2O7 (Potassium Dichromate) in water and acetone. |
| Possible Reagents for Conversion of Aldehyde into COOH | H2CrO4 (chromic acid) AgO2 (Silver Oxide) in THF and NaOH |
| Reactive Hierarchy | Acyl Halide -> Anhydride -> Ester -> Amide Ester and Amide aren't reactive enough, they require an acid or base to start substitution. |
| ACETAL PROTECTION | Have a carbonyl AND an halide on your chain? Want to turn it into a grignard so you can add it to something? FIRST YOU MUST ADD A DIOL TO MAKE THE CARBONYL GO PROTECTO-RINGO! Then, only then can you turn it into a grigard reagent and add it to a ketone/aldehye/acyl halide, etc..After adding a bit of acid will turn the PROTECTO-RINGO into a carbonyl again. |
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