psch chapter 5
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Alcohol | A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol. |
| Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) | The afferent fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal. |
| Biological rhythms | Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning. |
| Cannabis | The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived. |
| Circadian rhythms | The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species. |
| Consolidation | A hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory. |
| Dissociation | A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness. |
| Electroencephalograph (EEG) | A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp. |
| Electromyograph (EMG) | A device that records muscular activity and tension. |
| Electrooculograph (EOG) | A device that records eye movements. |
| Endorphins | The entire family of internally produced chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effects. |
| Hallucinogens | A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience. |
| Hypnosis | A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility. |
| Insomnia | Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep. |
| Latent content | According to Freud, the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in a dream. |
| Learning | A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. |
| Lucid dreams | Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream. |
| Manifest content | According to Freud, the plot of a dream at a surface level. |
| MDMA | A compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline; commonly called "ecstasy." |
| Meditation | A family of mental exercises in which a conscious attempt is made to focus attention in a nonanalytical way. |
| Narcolepsy | A disease marked by sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods. |
| Narcotics (opiates) | Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain. |
| Night terrors | Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic. |
| Nightmares | Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep. |
| Non-REM (NREM) sleep | Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity. |
| Opiates | See Narcotics. |
| Physical dependence | The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness. |
| Placebo effects | The fact that subjects' expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment. |
| Psychoactive drugs | Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning. |
| Psychological dependence | The condition that exists when a person must continue to take a drug in order to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug. |
| REM sleep | A deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency brain waves, and dreaming. |
| Reuptake | A process in which neurotransmitters are sponged up from the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic membrane. |
| Sedatives | Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity. |
| Sleep apnea | A sleep disorder characterized by frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep. |
| Slow-wave sleep (SWS) | Sleep stages 3 and 4, during which low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings. |
| Somnambulism (sleepwalking) | Arising and wandering about while remaining asleep. |
| Stimulants | Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity. |
| Tolerance | A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug. |
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