IR Quiz 3
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273 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 international regimes | are sets of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area. |
| With respect to international regimes, which of the following is true? | B) International regimes coordinate the behavior of states to assist them in overcoming collective goods problems. |
| international regimes | are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions |
| when a broad grouping of major actors comes together to jointly oppose another actor's aggression, this is known as | collective security |
| the success of collective security depends on | members keeping their commitments to the group and members agreeing on what constitutes aggression |
| feminists argue that with respect to IR | feminity is associated eith private and domestic areas, whereas masculinity is associated with political spaces |
| some ______ feminists believe that there are real differences between the genders based on their biological essence, whereas _____ feminists believe that men and women are equal | difference, liberal |
| _____ feminists find important differences between men and women that are arbirtary and flexible, whereas _______ feminists consider those differences trivial | postmodern, liberal |
| difference feminists argue that realism involves assumptions of masculinity because of the principle of | seperate autonomous actors, alliances that are not permanent, pursuit of national interest, anarchic international politics and ordered domestic politics (all of the above) |
| an international system based on feminine principles would include which of the following characteristcs | responsibility of the people to care for each other regardless of national borders |
| with respect to the impact of gender on war and peace, difference feminists believe that | women are inherently more peaceful than men |
| liberal feminists | believe that female leaders are no more peaceful than male leaders, believe that female state leaders are no less committed to state soverignty and territorial integrity than male leaders, would like to see more women involved in foreign policy making and the military, believe that no distinctly feminine feature of their behavior in their office distinguishes female leaders from their male counterparts (all of the above) |
| with respect to women in the military | the evidence suggests that they perform comparably to men in a variety of roles |
| in order for women to have a profound influence on IR | they need to participate in key foreign policy positions in large numbers around the world |
| what is NOT a critique of realism from the postmodern perspective | international institutions are important actors in IR |
| for postmodernists, the breakup of the Soviet Union into 15 soverign states is evidence of a problem with which belief of realists | states have universal interests |
| when postmodernists "deconstruct" realism, what do they find missing from its accounts of IR | the roles of individuals and multinational corporations and the role of domestic poltics and the experiencs of poor countries (B and C) |
| postmodern feminists | do not believe there is any fixed, inherent meaning or essence in the female gender |
| consideration of the role of sexual drives in decisions about the use of th force is characteristic of | postmodern feminism |
| peace studies focuses on which levels of analysis | individual, domestic, and global |
| the glorification of war and military force, and the structing of society around war is known as | militarism |
| positive peace | resolves the underlying reasons for war |
| proponents of positive peace call for | an end to strucutral violence, alternatives to war as a method for conflict resolution, the development of a gloval identity transcending national, ethnic, and religious divisions, strengthening norms against the use of violence (all of the above) |
| with respect to the US peace movement since WWI | an internationalist wing has seen international organization as the best hope for peace and has supported wars against aggression, whereas a pacifist wing has opposed all wars and favored more radical social change to achieve positive peace |
| the first attempt at creating a collective security system was the | League of Nations |
| when women won the right to vote after WWI | they generally voted like their husbands |
| conflict resolution | refers to the development and implementation of peaceful strategies for settling conflicts and is used more often and is more successful in the post-Cold War period (A and B) |
| with respect to conflict resolution | arbitration is when a mediator listens to each side's ideas and presents them in a way the other side can hear |
| constructivism | is interested in how actors define their national interests threats to those interests and their relationships to one another, relies heavily on international norms and their power to constrain state actions, examines how states' interests and identites are intertwined, contends that over time states can conceptualize one anothe in such a way that there is no danger of a security dilemma or arms race (all of the above) |
| how can liberal theories of IR be distinguished form realism | realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchangin, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally |
| with respect to warfare | today's most serious conflicts regarding conflicts mainly skirmishing rather than all-out battles |
| which of the following is NOT an explanation by Immanuel Kant of how peace and cooperation are possible | international regimes can solve the collective goods problem by increasing transparency |
| Marxist approaches to IR hold that both IR and the domestic politcs arise from unequal relationships between | economics classes |
| Marxism | argues that the more powerful classes oppress and exploit the less powerful by denying them their fair share of the surplus they create and was oriented toward domestic society in the industrializing countries of Marx's time (A and B) |
| How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism | difference feminists believe that individual women in foreign policy and the military differ from their male counterparts, whereas liberal feminists believe women as a group do not differ |
| which of the following is true | democracies almost never fight each other |
| the theory of imperialism that argued that European capitalists were investing in colonies where they could earn big profits, and then using part of those profits to buy off the working class back home, was developed by | Lenin |
| tit for tat is | a strategy of strict reciprocity after an initial cooperative move |
| foreign policy | is the strategy used by governments to guide their actions in the international arena and emphasizes the individual and domestic levels of analysis (A and C) |
| the sequence of steps in the rational model of decision making is | clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action |
| which of the following complicates the rational decision model of decision making | uncertaintiy about the costs and benefits of a particular action |
| which of the following is NOT consistent with the activies pursued in the process of rational decision making | satisficing |
| the _____ model of decision making relies on standard operating procedures | organizational process |
| the ____ model of decision making consists of negotiations between bureaucratic agencies with divergent interests | government bargaining |
| decisions of individuals can most frequently diverge from the raional model because of | information screens and affective bias |
| ______ refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of their actions | affective bias |
| ____ refers to the limitations of the human brain in making choices | cognitive bias |
| cognitive balance, or the maintence of a logically consistent mental model of the world, can be achieved through | wishful thinking |
| according to the concept of bounded rationality | decision makers will choose a response taht is good enough to meet some minimal criteria |
| individual decision making | cannot be perfectly rational because of the different values, goals, and perceptions of decision makers and is influenced by the dyanimcs of groups surronding the leader (B and C) |
| groups in foreign policy decision making | promote rationality in decision making and introduce new sources of irrationality in decision making (A and B) |
| ____ is the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately assessing their consequences, since individual members tend to go along with ideas they think others support | groupthink |
| which of the following is NOT an aspect of the structure of a group's decision-making process that can affect the outcome | meeting time |
| a crisis is a foreign policy situation characterized by | severe time constraints and decison makers under stress |
| actors in domestic politics involved in the foreign policy process include | interest groups, the media, bureaucracis, legislatures (all of the above) |
| diplomats | work in embasies and consulates abroad |
| with respect to the roles of bureacratic agencies in foreign policy making | bargaining amont agencies suggests that a state does not have a single national interest |
| among the interest groups that lobby governments on foreign policy issues are | other governments, ethnic groups concerned about their ancestral nation, wealthy buisness people, labor unions (all of the above) |
| public opinion | has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments |
| public support for involvement in a war | typicall starts high and decreases over the long run and will tend to improve the popularity ratings of a countries leader (B and C) |
| the Iran-Contra Scandal resulted from the activities of which govenment agency | the National Security Council (NSC) |
| a kitchen cabinet is | a trusted group of friends with no formal positions in the government who discuss policy issues with the leader |
| politicians have a difficult time running formal bureacratic agencies becaus | the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control and lower-level career officials may not owe loyalty to the politicians (A and B) |
| the part of the population that stays informed about international issues is called the | attentive public |
| diversionary foreign policy is | adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues |
| on what principle do most constructivist explanations draw | identity |
| with respect to women in politics | the number of women serving in legislatures is increasing |
| ____ is defined as a difference in preffered outcomes in a bargaining situation | conflict |
| on the individual level of analysis | wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders and wars may be the result of deviations from rationality by national leaders (A and B) |
| which of the following is NOT a possible cause of war on the domestic level of analysis | aggression of leaders |
| theories of the causes of war at the interstate level of analysis | include that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one |
| which of the following is NOT a tangile interest over which conflict might occur | religious differences |
| the value states place on home territory | is far beyond any economic or strategic value it holds |
| since WWII, an international norm has developed | against attempting to alter borders by force |
| ____ is the regaining of territory lost to another stat | irredentism |
| successionist movements | are rarely successful, sometimes want to merge their territory with a neighboring state, are treated as domestic problems that are of little concern to other states, attempt to draw intenational borders around a province or region to create a new state (all of the above) |
| the breakup of multi-national states was peaceful in which instance | Czechoslovakia and Serbia and Montenagro (B and C) |
| interstate border disputes remain today in | Kashmir, the Middle East, and Japan/China |
| control of the _____ Islands in the South China Sea is a source of conflict among several countries | Spratly |
| which of the folllow ing NOT a reson why the control of small islandss causes serious interstate territorial disputes | they can add to the overall size of the country |
| territorial waters traditionally are recognized to extend how far from a state's coastline | three miles |
| a state's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is recognized to extend how far from the coast line | 200 miles |
| states can exclude others from entering which of the following | 12 mile limit from the coast line and airspace (A and C) |
| with respect to the conflict regarding control of governments | one state may attempt to exert influence on another state's elections |
| during the Cold War, the Soviet Union actually invaded ____ to change its government | Czechoslovakia |
| which factor contributes to determining whether or not economic conflict leads to violence | the use of violence would diminish the profit of economic transactions more than could be gained by such violence |
| economic conflicts affect international security insofar as | they derive from competition over strategic minerals, economic growth leads to geographic expansion as a state pursues natual resources beyond their borders, they concern technology transfar of high-tech weaponry, they involve the capacity to produce and trade military equipment (All of the Above) |
| why is drug trafficking considered an international security issue when other types of smuggling are not | military forces participate regularly in operations against heavility armed drug traffickers |
| ethnic groups | share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties and a common identity and come into conflict because they hate each other (A and B) |
| ethnic conflict is closely tied to conflict over | territory |
| examples of conflict resulting from states worrying about the fate of members of the same ethnic group living as minority in a neighboring state are | Albania-Serbia and Armenia-Azerjaijan |
| the tendency to see one's own group in favorable terms and other groups in unfavorable terms is | ethcnocentricism |
| religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because | religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth |
| Islam has played a role in many recent conflicts because | it is predominant in an area of the world where geographical and historical circumstances encourage conflict |
| Islamic movements have gained strength in recent years in which of the following states | Afghanistan and Algeria |
| ideology | intensifies conflicts between states more than it causes them, helps mobilize national populations to support a state in its international dealings, tends to decline in importance after a revolution replaced by national interests, has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do (all of the above) |
| ____ war is a war over control of the entire world order, whereas ____ war is warfare by one state eaged to conquer and occupy anoter | hegemonic, total |
| the goal ____ war is to force the surrender of the enemy's government and replace it with one of the victor's choosing | total |
| WWII is an example of | hegemonic war |
| military action carried out to gain some objective short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy is ____ war, whereas war between factions within a state trying to create, or prevent, a new government for the entire state of some part of it is ____ war | limited, civil |
| warfare without frontlines involving irregular forces is called | gurilla war |
| which of the following is characteristic of guerilla war | civilians are often punished along with guerilla forces because the two cannot be distinguished |
| a line of control divides the province of Kashmir, which is the focus of a long-running dispute between which two countries | India and Pakistan |
| with respect to international conflicts over the control of governments and territorial disputres, which of the following is NOT true | they are less likely to lead to the use of violence than other types of conflicts of interst |
| nationalism | contributed to the disintigration of large, multinational states like Austria-Hungary |
| with respect to self-determination, which of the following is FALSE | all nations desired self-determination have acheived it |
| which of the following is NOT a challenge associated with the transition from war to peace | representation in regional and international organizations |
| with respect to international norms against genocide | they were weaker than norms of state soverignty in the case of Darfur |
| which of the following statements about Islam is FALSE | Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are unified under the Islamist movemnt |
| Shi'ite Muslimslive predominantly in | Iran, southern Iraq, and southern Lebanon |
| Sunni Muslim fundamentalists include | the Taliban in Afghanistan, the al Qeada terrorist group, Hamas in the Palestianan territories, Chechens who have tried to split away from Russia (all of the above) |
| the choices about military capabilites that leaders have to make include | how much to spend on military capabilities, what types of missions a country's military forces must be able to carry out, what types of forces to have, what military equipment is necessary (all of the above) |
| with respect to conventional forces, all of the following is true EXCEPT | electronics, especially radar, is relied on most by artillery |
| which of the following is NOT provided by satellites | attack capabilites |
| in what way have technological developments changed the nature of military forces | the resort to force now has more profound costs and consequences, military engagements now occur at greater distances, electornics now have a greater role in command and control, and enemy computer networks are increasingly targeted by military forces and terrorists (all of the above apply) |
| weapons of mass destruction include | nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons |
| fission weapons are also known as ____, and fusion weapons are also known as _____ | atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs |
| which of the following is a fissionable material | Uranium-235 and plutonium (C and D) |
| the major difficulty in building a fission weapon is that | fissionable material is very difficult to aquire |
| ____ weapons have more explosive power but are more expensive to design and build than ____ weapons | fusion, fission |
| how do strategic weapons compare to tactical weapons | strategic weapons are long-range weapons, whereas tactical weapons are short-range weapons |
| tactical nuclear weapons | were phased out by the United States and Russia when the Cold War ended |
| ballistic missiles | have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend |
| cruise missiles | can be launched from ships, submarines, airplanes, or land and can carry conventional or nuclear weapons (C and D) |
| agents that disrupt the functions of the human body, killing or paralyzing enemy troops or populations are | chemical weapons |
| with respect to chemical weapons | they have been used only rarely |
| a recent arms control agreement, which included strict verification mesaures and the possibility of sanctions against nonsignatories, was completed for what type of weapons | chemical |
| toxic susbtances taht can create diseases and epidemics when launched against enemy troops or populations are | biological weapons |
| because they are uncontrollable, which of the following weapons has virtually never been used in war | biological weapons |
| the non-proliferation treaty attempts to prevent | the spread of nuclear weapons |
| the agency charged with inspecting the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent secret military diversions of nucelar materials is | the International Atomic Energy Agency |
| defense against a nucelear weapon is currently provided by | the threat to retaliate |
| CIA covert operations in the 1950s overthrew governments unfreindly to the UNited States in | Iran and Guatemala |
| The National Security Agency | is primarily invovled with encoding US communication and breaking codes of foregin communications |
| which two coutnries tested nuclear weapons in 1998, leading to an increse in tensions in their region | India and Pakistan |
| the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty calls for the end to testing of which type of weapon | nuclear |
| a new concern of activists about the sale of weapons is | sales of small arms, especially assault rifles, to unstable conflict zones |
| which of the following countries has built up the infrastructure to enrich uranium up to weapons grade in recent years | North Korea and Libya (A and B) |
| the main difference between war and classic terrorism is | the form has military targets, whereas the latter has civillian targets |
| which of the following is characteristic of terrorism | the primary effect of terrorism is psychological |
| the use of terrorist groups by states to achieve politcal aims is | state-sponsored terrorism |
| all of the following are true about counterinsurgency EXCEPT | it is less widespread than during the Cold War |
| piracy has become a problem in what region of the world | South of the Cape of Good Hope Near South Africa |
| with respect to terrorism, which of the following is true | terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system because unlike states they do not have a stake in that system and terrorist activiesi do not reliably achieve politcal ends (B and C) |
| which of the following is NOT considered to be a sponsor of international terrorism according to the UNited States | North Korea |
| In Rwanda in 1994, members of the minority ___ ethnic gropu were massacred by members of the majority ______ ethnic group | Hutu, Tutsi |
| what action did Kosovo take in 2008 that did not have the approval of the UNited nation | declared independence from Serbia |
| how does liberalism compare with mercantilism | liberalism is not concerned whether one state gains more or less than another, just whether the state's wealth is increaing in absolute terms, whereas mercantilism empahsizes that each state must protect its own interests at the expense of others |
| when states specialize in producing the goods that they produce best and trading for goods that other states are better at producing they are operating according to | comparative advantage |
| which of the following is a drawback of international trade | disruption in the workforce, capital is not easily converted to new uses, there is an unequal distribution of costs and benefits within states, there is an unequal distribution of costs and benefits between states (all of the above) |
| which of the following is NOT characteristic of centrally planend econmies | they were dominant in African during the Cold War |
| state-owned industries are evidence of | command economies and mixed economies (A and B) |
| in what ways can politics influence markets | through taxations and application of sanction |
| a financial statement of the difference in the value of a country's total exports and imports is known as | balance of trade |
| a state that avoids trading altogether and instea tries to priduce everthing it needs by itself is following a strategy of | autakry |
| which of the following is NOT a reason states to decide to protect domestic industry | to increase the volume and value of imports into the country |
| when a product is sold in foregin markets at prices below the minimum level necessary to make a profit, this is known as | dumping |
| a tariff is | a type of tax imposed on imports by a state |
| a unilateral method of protecting producers from foregin competition by imposing a limit on the maximum volume of allowable imports is known as | quota |
| tax breaks, loans, and guaranteed high prices are examples of what type of proectionism | subsidies |
| protecionism hurts and economy in which of the following ways | conusmers ususally pay higher prices for the product and dmoestic industries may avoid needed improvements and remain inefficient and uncompetitive (A and B) |
| when industries seek to influence a state's foreign economic policy | they often face other industries with different goals |
| copyrights, trademarks, and patents are | subject to piracy and referred to as intellectual property (A and C) |
| major actors in trade negoations regarding agriculture are | the United States and Fracne |
| trade in services includes | banking and insurance |
| the leading arms importing region of the global South | the MIddle East |
| enforcement of trade agreements | takes place under universal agreement on what is fair trade |
| retaliation for cases of dumping usually comes in the form of | tariffs to raise the price back to market levels |
| the World Trade Organization replaced the ___ in 1995 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) |
| the principle that whatever one WTO member-state lowers tariffs on certain kinds of imports from another member-state, all member-states are entitled to the same treatmetn with regard to their goods is known as | most-favored nation principle |
| the current round of multinational trade negoationas, which began in 2001 and is strugging to reach a conclusion, is the | Doha Round |
| multinational trade negotations are shifting focus from | manufactured goods to agricultual goods |
| the most important regional free-trade area is in | Europe |
| cartels | form to manipulate the price of a certain prodcut, usually are formed by producers, most often limit production by each member so as to lower supply, can suffer from serious collective goods problems (all of the above) |
| the most prominent cartel in the inetantional economy is | OPEC |
| the country which has used its large supply of oil to ensure the fucntioning of OPEC is | Saudi Arabia |
| groups that oppose free trade because of its negative impacts includ | labor and environmental groups |
| during the cold war, most centally planned economies were found in | the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe |
| in a(n) _____ there is just one supplier of a product, where as a(n) ___ there are just a few large suppliers | monopoly, oligopoly |
| with respect to deficits, which of the following is true | a state can have a trade dificit without having a budget deficit |
| the intergovernmental organiztion that attempts to regualirze patent and copyright law across borders is the | WIPO |
| which of the following topics is NOT on the agenda of the Doha Round of WTO trade negotations | electornics |
| the industrial revolution began in | Britain, in the 18th century |
| by the begninning of the 20th century, _____ replaced ____ as the state with the world's largest and most advanced economy | the UNited States, Britain |
| which of the following did NOT contibute to the industrialization of the United State | conversion from imported oil to domestic coal as a primary energy source |
| which of the follwing is true about the capitalist world economy immediatly after WWII | the US provided massive assitance to rebuild Western Europe and Japan |
| for centuries, the gloval currency that had value in all countries was | preceious metals |
| the exchagne rate it | the rate at which a state's currency can be exchanged for a differnt state's currency |
| why would one not want to hold the currencies of paricular coutnries | they may be losing their value rapidly due to inflation and one may not be able to trade it for another currency (B and C) |
| a hard currency is | readily converted into leading world currencies |
| if a national currency is convertible, this means | it can be exchanged for another currency |
| ____ exchange rates exist when a government establishes official ranges of exchange for their currency, whereas ___ exchange rates exist when exchange rates are determined by global currency markets | fix, floating |
| governments intervene in currency markets | to buy a currency, which increases the value of that currency |
| devaluation of one's currency tends to | reduce the trust people place in the currency |
| what is common interest of states with respect to currencies | stability an exchange rates, so the speculators do not profit at the expense of central banks |
| central banks in industrialized countries | maintain the value of the state's currency by limiting the amount of money printed and by preventing high inflation and work together to intervene in currency markets (B and C) |
| the interest rate the government charges when it loans money to private banks is known as the | discount rate |
| with respect to the decisions of the Federal Reserve, which of the following is FALSE | other states' monetary policies do not affect the decisions of the Fed |
| the system established after WWII to manage international monetary relations was the | Bretton Woods system |
| How does the IMF compare to the World Bank | the IMF coordinates international currency exchange, whereas the World Bank provides loans to aid in the reconstruction and economic development of countries |
| the IMF established ____ as the replacement for gold as the world standard | Special Drawing Rights |
| How does the IMF assist countries in balancing their economies | by allowing states to borrow against their deposits of financial reserves and repay the loans in subsequent years |
| the IMF and the World Bank use a ____ system | weighted voting |
| which of the following has NOT been a mission of the IMF and the World Bank | helped China develop export markets |
| the summary of a state's financial transactions with the rest of the world, including trade, foreing aid, and the remittance of income by citizens employed abroad is known as | balance of payments |
| which of the following is a reason states go into debt | a trade deficit and people and firms living beyond their means (A and B) |
| how is monetary policy distinguished from fiscal policy | monetary policy is goverment decisions about printing and circulating money, whereas fiscal policy is government decisiosn about spending and taxation |
| the most imporant types of multinationa corporations are | industrial corporation |
| the role of multinatioal corporations in international political relations is one wher | they are agents of their homw national governments, national governments are agents of MNCs, they are citizens of the world beholden to no government, MNCs have cler national identites (any of the above, depending on your view) |
| the targets of most of the direct foreing investment in the world ar | western industrialized states |
| a state in which a foreign MNC operates is called the ______ whereas the stae where the MNC has its headquarters is called the ______ | host country, home country |
| MNCs and thr countries in which they invest often come into conflict over | distribution of the new wealth generated and trade policy |
| NCs and the countries in which their headquarters are located come into conflict over | taxation and trade policy |
| what is the international buisness environment most condusice to the creation of wealth of MNCs | one of stable international security |
| which of the following helps contribute toward a positive balance of payments for a country | a country recieving large amounts of foreign investment funds |
| ___ goods are products that can be used as inputs for further production | capital |
| the largest default in IMF history was made by | Argentina |
| what is a major finincial issue that China will have to deal within the coming years that forces the country to choose between continued economic growth and better relations with trading partner | the degree of float of its currency |
| efforts to unfairly capture a large share of the world markets or even near monopoly so taht eventually a compant or state can raise prices without fearing competition are known as | predatory practices |
| which of the following is a challenge to creaing free trade in Asia | the region consists of both very rich and very poor states and the region consists of democracies, dictatorships, and communist states (A and B) |
| 1. _____ is the right to vote | suffrage |
| 2. _____ was the national security advisor and then the secretary of state for President George W. Bush. | Condolezza Rice |
| 3. Poverty, hunger, and oppression are forms of _____ because they are caused by the framework of social relations rather than by direct actions. | structural violence |
| _____ results in a decision binding on parties. | arbirtation |
| 5. A(n) _____ distrusts IGOs and favors radical social change. | pacifist |
| 6. _____ is the subconscious effort to make the world match a logically consistent mental model | cognitive dissonance |
| 7. When two sides in a conflict maintain very similar enemy images, often reversed, of each other, this is known as _____. | mirror image |
| 8. A(n) _____ is a coalition of people who share a common interest in the outcome of political issues and try to influence the outcome. | interest group |
| 9. The part of the population that stays informed about international issues is the _____. | attentive public |
| 10. The _____ is the movement of people back and forth between top-level government and industry jobs. | revolving door |
| 11. _____ is the public promotion of policy or belief. | propaganda |
| 12. Decision making by the application of general principles or noncontroversial efforts is known as _____ | standard operating procedures |
| 13. Taking in only some kinds of information is known as _____ | selective perception |
| 14. According to _____, decision makers go through phases of editing and evaluation to reach a decision. | prospect theory |
| 15. _____ are subconscious filters through which people put the information coming in about the world around them | information screens |
| According to Russett and Oneal, a __________ is a series of strategic interactions within an anarchic system that magnify hostility and end in war. (defensive behavior) | vicious circle |
| 17. According to Russett and Oneal, mutually beneficial and peaceful interactions that increase over time and expand in scope constitute a __________. | virtuous circle |
| 18. The three elements of the Kantian triangle are ____________, ____________, and ____________. | representative democracy, international law and organzation, commerece and free trade |
| 19. According to Allison, the ________________ model is characterized by explanations of what goals a government is pursuing and how its actions were reasonable choices. | rational policy |
| 20. According to Allison, the _________________ model is characterized by explanations in terms of internal organizational processes, standard operating procedures, programs, and outputs | organizational process |
| 21. According to Allison, the _________________ model is characterized by the bargaining power and skill among actors positioned hierarchically within government | bureacratic process |
| 22. According to Wiarda, which of Allison's models best explains United States policy in Mexico? | bueractic process |
| 1. _____ is the goal of regaining territory lost to another state. | irredenticism |
| 2. _____ is warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another. | total war |
| 3. _____ hear testimony to bring to light what really happened during civil wars in exchange for offering participants asylum from punishment. | truth commissions |
| 4. The systematic extermination of ethnic or religious groups in whole or in part is known as _____. | genocide |
| 5. The tendency to see one's own group in favorable terms and other groups in unfavorable terms is _____. | ethnocentricism |
| 6. _____ are toxic substances that create diseases | biological weapons |
| 7. Weapons with a trajectory rising out of the atmosphere are known as _____. | ballistic missiles |
| 8. _____ literally means "blow against the state | coup d'etat |
| 9. Atomic bombs are also known as _____ weapons. | fission |
| 10. _____ uses special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, missiles, and ships to scatter enemy radar. | stealth technology |
| According to Posen, _________________ have considerable ability to explain and predict the probability and intensity of military conflicts among ethnic groups. | the security dilemma |
| 12. According to Biddle, an ___________ is an ideological or nationalist war based on competition for the allegiance of a common pool of citizens who could in principle take either side. | insurgency |
| 13. According to Biddle, a ______________features opposing groups divided along ethnic or sectarian lines | civil war |
| 14. According to Kurth Cronin, "Analyzing terrorism as something separate from ___________ is misleading and potentially dangerous." | globalization |
| 15. According to Gilpin, there are three theories or ideologies that explain the relationship of economics and politics that have had a pronounced influence on scholarship and political affairs: _______________, _______________, and _______________. | liberal, nationalist, Marxist |
| 16. According to Clapp, the ____________________was supposed to give special consideration to the needs and concerns of developing countries, but is now looks as if any developing country gains will be marginal at best | WTO |
| 1. The value of a state's imports relative to its exports is the _____. | balance of trade |
| 2. Assuring that participants keep their commitments, that contracts are binding, and that buyers pay for goods they purchase all refer to the _____ for markets. | legal framework |
| 3. Industrialized states give trade concessions to less-developed countries to help with their economic development through the _____. | Generalized System of Preferences |
| 4. When states decide to reduce trade barriers and adopt a common tariff toward states that are not members of the group, they have created a(n) _____. | customs union |
| 5. The potential free trade area in the Western hemisphere, from Alaska to Argentina, is called the _____. | Free Trade Area of the Americas |
| 6. The free trade area comprising many countries in South America is the _____. | Southern Cone Common Market or Mercosur |
| 7. Printing and circulating money are part of _____ policy. | monetary policy |
| 8. _____ is the summary of all the flows of money in and out of a country | balance of payments |
| 9. Taxation and regulation are part of _____ policy | fiscal |
| 10. _____ are foreign currencies held by states | reserves |
| 11. Use of the gold standard was an example of a(n) _____ exchange rate. | fixed |
| 12. The ability of one currency to be traded or exchanged for another is known as _____. | convertibility |
| 13. _____ is a type of investment that involves tangible goods like factories and buildings. | foreign direct investment |
| 14. Under the principles of _____, governments engage in deficit spending to stimulate economic growth. | Keynesian economics |
| 15. The _____ is the interest rate that the government charges when it loans money to private banks. | discount rate |
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