Political Geography Chapters 12-19
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scott_nestlebush on July 31, 2012
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 First-Order (Civil Division) | The largest general-purpose administrative or governmental units within a State. |
| Ethnic | The first-order civil divisions of the former USSR, called union republics, were organized on a(n) ______ basis. |
| Language | The basis for first-order civil divisions in India. |
| County | The first-order civil division in the United Kingdom. |
| Departments | The first-order civil division in France. |
| State | The first-order civil division in the United States. |
| Compacts | The states of the United States are bound together by an intricate network of conferences, information exchanges, informal agreements, and formal __________. |
| Town | The original unit of settlement in New England. Performed many of the functions performed by counties elsewhere. |
| Municipality | The smallest general-purpose administrative unit in the United States. |
| Edge City | A satellite city typically found near the periphery of a large metropolitan area. They serve as magnets for businesses seeking to escape the high cost of operating in the metro area. |
| Annexation | Most common technique for providing urban services to people in unincorporated areas surrounding a municipality. |
| Articles of Confederation | 1781 Agreement among the 13 founding states that established the U.S.A. as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution. |
| Latifundia | Large, privately owned estate that was traditionally worked by slaves or hired workers, chiefly for the benefit of the landowner and his family. |
| Township | Name given to the original units of settlement outside New England, New York, and Wisconsin. |
| Special Purpose District | Created in rural areas of the United States to administer drainage, irrigation, water conservation, flood control, fire protection, hydroelectric power, river transportation, and similar functions. |
| Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) | An integrated economic and social unit with a recognized large population nucleus. The boundaries normally are county boundaries and thus often enclose rural as well as urban areas. |
| Water | Which of the three aspects of the public lands controversy (water, usage rights, revenue sharing) is by far the most important? |
| Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) | In 1983, the territory of the United States more than doubled when President Reagan issues a proclamation which extended the U.S. territory out to sea 200 nautical miles from the baseline around all the coasts of the mainland and the island territories. |
| Electoral Geography | A subfield of political geography that studies the spatial patterns of voting and representation. |
| Reapportionment | The process involving the reallocation of Congressional representation among the U.S. states to account for changing population size and distribution. |
| Redistricting | Process in which individual states within the U.S. periodically redraw their various electoral districts to account for changes in population size and distribution. |
| Gerrymandering | The delimitation of electoral district boundaries that produce unique, convoluted shapes designed to favor a particular party or group. |
| Indigenous | Refers to being native or belonging to a particular region. |
| Tribal | Subgroup of people who share unifying cultural characteristics. From a hierarchical standpoint, this group of people falls above the family or clan, but below the level of the nation. |
| Province | The first-order civil division in South Africa. |
| Enumerated | The Constitution of the United States granted a number of executive, legislative, and judicial powers called the _________ powers to the national government. |
| Imperialism | Nationalism carried to extremes. Can lead some countries to seek to acquire the territories of other States and nations, bringing the indigenous peoples under their rule. |
| Military (Imperialism) | Type of imperialism that is the extension of political and military control by an imperial State over a territory. |
| Cultural (Imperialism) | A variety of imperialism that seeks to influence peoples' behavior or minds rather than establish direct military control. |
| Assimilation | Process of incorporating one body into a larger one. This represented a pillar of French colonial policy whereby the French colonial authorities sought to imprint French language and culture upon the peoples of their colonies. |
| Decolonization | Process whereby previously colonized territories obtain independence from imperial rule. |
| Mandate | A system established by the League of Nations whereby major powers, notably France and Great Britain, assumed responsibility for administration by colonies and other territories that wer previously ruled by powers defeated during WWI. |
| State Building | A constructive process that aims to create the institutions necessary for a State to be independent and self-governing. |
| Iconography | The promotion of natural images as part of the process of nation building. |
| Third World | Term that originated with the non-aligned movement during the Cold War. Denoted as those countries that were part of neither the first world of industrialized, capitalist countries of the West, nor the second world of communist countries. Now applies to developing countries. |
| Neoimperialism | Imperialism that is waged by countries that are themselves recent victims of imperialism. (Morocco, India, Viet Nam) |
| Colonialism | Process involving the settlement from a mother country, generally into empty lands and brining into these lands the previous culture and organization of the parent society. |
| Economic (Imperialism) | A variety of imperialism that does not rely on military conquest but instead seeks to closely tie a country to an imperial State through a variety of economic means. |
| Paternalism | The primary colonial policy of Belgium whereby colonial authorities retained decision-making power with little effort to prepare the colonial peoples for eventual self-rule. |
| Indirect Rule | The principal colonial policy of the British, that relied on treaties with local ruling elites who governed in the name of the British crown. |
| Extraterritoriality | The concept suggesting that property of one State that lies within the boundaries of another actually forms an extension of the first State. |
| Nation Building | The process of trying to weld a nation out of disparate tribal, ethnic, and religious groups thrown together within superimposed boundaries by colonial rulers who had only their own interest in mind. |
| Xenophobia | Refers to the fear of foreigners or foreign influences, directed against both foreign nationals within the country and other countries. |
| Neocolonialism | The de facto continuation of colonial status for colonies that have received independence, but whose economic systems remain strongly influenced by the former ruling State. Thus, economic imperialism continues after independence has been achieved and the rich-poor gap is exacerbated rather than eliminated. |
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