| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Respiratory system | Body system that gets oxygen from the environment and removes CO2and other waste products from the body |
| Cellular respiration | Process in which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars |
| Glucose | Sugar |
| C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O+energy | The formula for cellular respiration |
| Nose | Where air enters and is warmed in the body |
| Cilia | Tiny hairs |
| Mucus | Sticky liquid |
| Trachea | Also called the windpipe, leads to the lungs. Tubelike structure surrounded by cartilage rings. Rings keep the tube open. |
| Epiglottis | Flap that prevents food and liquids from entering the lungs |
| Bronchial tubes | Carry air into each lung |
| Lungs | 2 organs located on either side of your heart. Inside the lungs air is passed into smaller and smaller tubes. |
| Alveoli | Tubes in lungs that are one cell thick. Here oxygen is dissolved into blood and CO2 is passed from the blood |
| Ribs | Expand to allow you to breathe. Cartilage connects ribs to sternum and makes the rib cage flexible. |
| Diaphragm | Large muscle located under your rib cage |
| Inhale | Q-When your diaphragm contracts, you... |
| Exhale | Q-When your diaphragm relaxes, you... |
| Air moving through your vocal cords | Q-What allows you to speak? |
| Vocal cords | Folds of tissue in the larynx (voice box) |
| Larynx | Tube shaped organ at the top of the trachea |
| Body cells die quickly | Q-What happens if you don't have O2? |
| Inhale | Q-Oxygen enters the body when you... |
| 20% | Q-What percent of what we inhale is O2? |
| CO2 | Q-What needs to be exhaled? |
| To maintain homeostasis | Q-Why do proper levels of CO2 and O2 need to be maintained? |
| Breathe faster | Q-If you need more O2, you will... |
| Nutrients | Substances that enable the body to move, grow, and maintain homeostasis. Usable portions of food. |
| Carbohydrates | Energy like starches and sugar |
| Proteins | Nutrients that repair body cells |
| Fat | Stores energy |
| Digestive system | Moves and breaks down food |
| Peristalsis | Wavelike muscular action in the digestive system |
| Mechanical digestion | The process of chewing, mashing, and pounding food |
| Chemical digestion | Chemical changes that break down food into smaller pieces |
| Ptyalin | The chemical in saliva that breaks down starches into sugars |
| Pepsin | Chemical in your stomach that breaks down proteins |
| Mouth | Food enters here and is broken down by mechanical (teeth) ans chemical (ptyalin) digestion |
| Esophagus | Tube leading to the stomach. Strong muscles (peristalsis) push the food down the tube. |
| Stomach | Mechanical and chemical digestion take place here. Acids break down proteins. |
| 4-6 hours | Q-How long does food stay in your stomach for? |
| 3 days | Q-Stomach lining is replaced every... |
| Small intestine | Long tube where most digestion and absorption takes place |
| Villi | Small structures in the small intestine that absorb nutrients |
| Water and cellulose | Q-What is left in the food that leaves your small intestine? |
| Cellulose | Indigestible portions of food |
| Liver | Organ that filters blood, stores unneeded nutrients for later use in the body, and produces bile. |
| Liver | Q-What is the largest internal organ of the body? |
| Bile | Breaks up large fat particles |
| Gallbladder | Pear shaped sac connected to the liver |
| Pancreas | Produces chemicals that lower acidity and break down fats and starch, also produces insulin |
| Insulin | Helps control the body's use of sugar |
| Large intestine | Water is absorbed here |
| Solid waste | Q-Dead bacteria, fat, protein, dead cells, food roughage, mucus, and dried out digestive juices form... |
| Rectum | Small tube at the end of the large intestine |
| Anus | Small opening at the end of the rectum through which solid wastes are eliminated |
| The stomach and small intestines | Q-The pancreas is located between... |
| Kidneys | Two organs that filter waste out of the blood and regulate the amount of water in the blood |
| Nephron | Tubes in the kidneys that regulate the makeup of the blood |
| Glomerulus | Structure that filters blood in the kidneys |
| Ureters | Two tubes that bring the waste to the bladder |
| Bladder | Storage sac for urine |
| Urethra | Carries liquid wastes out of the body |
| Urinate more | Q-If you drink more water, you will... |
| Urinate less | Q-If you drink less water, you will... |
| 1 liter | Q-About how much water leaves your body every day? |
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