Flashcards: Macromolecules
All 27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 carbohydrate subunit | 1C:2H:1O |
| protein subunit | amino acids held together by peptide bonds |
| lipid subunit | glycerol with fatty acid |
| nucleic acid subunit | nucleotides |
| carbohydrate examples | sugars, starches, glycogen |
| protein examples | enzymes, hemoglobin, keratin |
| nucleic acid examples | DNA, RNA |
| lipid examples | fats, oils, and waxes |
| starch | a polysaccharide that stores glucose in plants |
| glycogen | a polysaccharide that stores glucose in animals |
| function of carbohydrates | energy source, stucture |
| function of proteins | 3rd source of energy, helps builds and repairs muscle tissue, makes hormones, enzymes, antibodies, and pigments |
| function of nucleic acids | code for proteins and genetic material |
| function of lipids | long term energy storage, reserved energy, cell membrane |
| sucrose | glucose + fructose |
| what names of sugars end with | -ose |
| what names of enzymes end with | -ase |
| saturated fats | "bad" fats - artery clogging |
| unsaturated fats | "good" fats |
| enzyme | protein that speed up chemical reaction |
| chitin | complex carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of fungi; also found in the external skeletons of arthropods |
| cellulose | A polysaccharide that provides structural suppost for plants. |
| macromolecule | made in living systems from smaller building blocks covalently bonded; four classes: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids |
| polysaccharide | any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule |
| disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| phospholipid | type of macromolecule that makes up the cell membrane |
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