LMED 101 pt 2
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Created by:
walls_donald on August 5, 2012
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65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 t. c. | lab device designed to contain specific volumes |
| t. d. | lab device designed to deliver specific volumes |
| q. s. | container designed to hold specific volumes when filled |
| meniscus | the curve at a liquid's surface by which you measure the volume of the liquid |
| viscosity | a liquid's resistance to flow; degree of thickness |
| volumetric container | designed to measure specific fluid volumes |
| blow out | deliver all the fluid in a pipette |
| advantages of plastic ware | durable, cheap, sterile, chemical stability |
| disadvantages of plastic ware | water vapor, evaporation, leaching of constituents, absorption |
| advantages of glassware | reduced interference, reusability |
| disadvantages of glassware | breakage, corrosion, contamination |
| thermal resistant glass (Pyrex) | borosilicate glass, heat, corrosion, and thermal shock resistant |
| alumina-silicate glass (Corning) | chemically strengthened, high silica content, used for high analytical precision work |
| Low actinic glass | amber colored, used for light sensitive solutions |
| flint glass | cheap, sensitive to heat & chemicals |
| disposable glass | eliminates cross-contamination, use once and throw away, inexpensive |
| volumetric flasks | Holds one EXACT volume of liquid. holds preparation of accurate solutions, Round, flat lower portion,long thin neck, calibration line etched into neck. Various sizes |
| Erlenmeyer flasks | used in solution prep, less accurate than volumetric flasks. conical containers w/multiple volume markers provide larger surface area |
| beakers | Wide mouth, straight sides and a pouring spout. Used for estimating amounts and for heating and mixing reagents. |
| graduated cylinders | Cylindrical pieces of labware with several calibrated markings. Approximate measures. |
| burets | a wide long graduated pipet with a stopcock at the end |
| funnels | transfer liquids from one container to another without spilling |
| pipettes | used to make precise volumetric measurements and to transfer liquid |
| volumetric pipettes | A pipette that has been calibrated to deliver a fixed volume of liquid by drainage. Consists of a cylindrical bulb joined at both ends to narrow glass tubing. |
| Ostwald-Folin pipettes | Another class of transfer pipette with a bulb-like enlargement near the tip. Used for viscous solutions with a density greater than water such as blood and certain body fluids. |
| graduated pipettes | Used when great accuracy is not required. Used primarily to measure reagents. Straight piece of glass tubing with a tapered end and graduation marks on the stem. |
| serological pipette | used for serological tests, flow too fast for accuracy |
| micropipettes | Precisely measures very small amounts of liquids accurately |
| repipettors | Designed to deliver a consistent repeating volume for repetitive work. |
| automatic micropipettors | piston operated device that is capable of delivering small predetermined repeating volumes. |
| 2 methods of calibrating glassware | spectrophotometer, gravimetric |
| advantages of gravimetric method | cheap, easy, safe |
| disadvantages of gravimetric method | variation due to temp and evaporation, tech has to deliver constant quantities |
| advantages of spectrophotometer method | reagents in kit, complies with CAP, quick & accurate, volume will be measured |
| disadvantages of spectrophotometer method | can't use best fit line, new line each time |
| balance | device used for determining mass |
| matter | has mass & takes up space |
| weight | a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object |
| capacity | max amt. of mass a balance can weigh |
| sensitivity | smallest unit of mass that can be measured |
| taring | resetting an electronic balance to a zero reading |
| uses of balance | weighing chemicals, calibration of equipment |
| parts of balance | glass enclosure, balance screws, beam, knife edge, pans, calibrated weights, pan arrest, damping device, Vernier & Reading scale |
| wave-particle duality | idea that light can convey energy and travel in waves |
| photon | A tiny particle or packet of light energy. |
| wavelength | The distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave |
| amplitude | Height of a wave |
| frequency | the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time |
| monochromatic light | light of only one color |
| polychromatic light | Light of many colors (wavelengths) usually referred to as white light. |
| selective absorbance | The ability of a solution to absorb certain wavelengths of light while transmitting others. |
| electromagnetic spectrum | arrangement of electromagnetic radiation--including radio waves, visible light from the Sun, gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, and microwaves--according to their wavelengths |
| UV waves | Electro magnetic rays just shorter than those of visible light. 220-380 nm |
| visible region | electro magnetic rays in visible light 380-700 nm |
| spectrophotometer | instrument used to measure light intensity |
| light source | provides the electromagnetic radiation |
| monochromators | used to isolate specific wavelengths, achieved by the use of filters, prisms or gratings |
| cuvette | glass or plastic tube used in spectrophotometry to hold the solution being measured |
| photodetectors | They convert radiant energy to an equivalent amount of electrical energy |
| phototube | Similar to photocell -Differs in that outside voltage must be supplied. |
| photomultiplier tube | detects & amplifies radiant energy |
| kinetic reactions | The study of enzyme reaction rates and the factors that affect them. |
| fixed time methods | The reactants are combined, the reaction is allowed to proceed for a period of time then the reaction is stopped (usually bu inactivating the enzyme). |
| continuous monitoring assay | Enzyme and substrate are combined and multiple absorbance readings are taken at timed intervals, usually every 30 to 60 seconds. |
| enzymes as reagents | Using enzymes as analytical reagents adds to the specificity of the substance being analyzed. |
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