COMD 3400 exam 4 ear disorders
About this set
Created by:
sazlovesschool on August 5, 2012
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hearing loss types | can be unilateral, bilateral, bilateral asymmetric or mixed |
| meniere's disease cause | due to excess of endolymph that distorts basilar membrane |
| Meniere's disease -symptoms | aural fullness, decreased or fluctuating hearing, tinnitius, vertigo, symptoms come on as attacks |
| noise induced hearing loss -characteristics | high frequency (notch pattern), preventable (hearing protection and education about noise exposure), gradual progression, can be noticed in early stages |
| noise induced hearing loss | damage to organ of corti from prolonged exposure to loud noise or short exposure to extremely intense noise |
| meningitis (bacterial) | infection of CNS that can cause hearing loss (5-30% of cases) |
| meningitis -effects | purulent labrythitis, deteriorates organ of corti, can ossify cochlea, severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss |
| meningitis treatment | antibiotics, hearing aids, cochlear implants, ASL |
| inner ear fistula | a hole in oval or round window that allows perilymph to leak |
| inner ear fistula characteristics | genetically caused malformation of ossicles or cochlea or in rare cases trauma -requires exploratory surgery to confirm diagnosis causes SNHL associated with symptoms including tinnitus, vertigo, and feeling of fluid movement in ear |
| inner ear fistula -treatment | patch, hearing aid, possible balance adaption training |
| Benign Paroxymal Positional Vertigo (BPPV or BPV) | otoconia becomes dislodged from macula (in utricle only) displaced into posterior SSC creates vertigo when canal is stimulated (lasts 20-30 sec) "top shelf" vertigo |
| canalith repositioning treatment or Epley Maneuvering | treats BPPV created by John Epley manually moves otoconia back into the utricle 2 treatments clears 80-90% of patients |
| superior canal dehiscence (SCD) | thinning or absence of bone overlying superior margin of superior SSC |
| SCD symptoms | vertigo with loud sounds vertigo with pressure changes feeling of aural fullness possible hearing loss |
| SCD treatment | bone graft |
| acoustic neuroma | tumor that affects auditory nerve most common -vestibular schwanomas (arise from schwann cells of vestib portion of 8th nerve) arise in IAM, grow into cerebellopontine angle |
| acoustic neuromas -symptoms | varied but include SNHL, tinnitus, facial numbness, dizziness and ear pain if left untreated can affect body functions by putting pressure on brainstem |
| acoustic neuromas -treatment | remove surgically or with radiation or both treat with compensatory strategies, manual language systems or brainstem implant |
| Multiple Sclerosis | progressive demyelinating disease that creates areas of demyelinization and gliosis called plaques can cause dizziness and vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss and reduced word recognition abilities abnormal responses on electrophysiological tests that audiologists use |
| inner ear disorders to remember | Meriere's disease noise induced hearing loss bacterial meningitis inner ear fistula BPPV SCD acoustic neuroma multiple sclerosis |
| Anomalies of the outer ear | congenital anomalies leasions idiopathic impacted cerumen foreign bodies and trauma growths or tumors |
| lesion | disorder or insult |
| idiopathic | underlying cause is not known |
| congenital | occurring at birth |
| genetic | arising from the genes |
| acquired hearing loss | caused after birth |
| dysplasia | malformation (abnormally shaped) |
| microtia | abnormally small pinna (types I-II-III depending on severity) |
| anotia | absence of the pinna |
| aural atresia | absence of external auditory meatus |
| aural stenosis | abnormally narrow canal |
| infections of outer ear | otitis externa, fungal (otomycosis), necrotizing (malignant/tissue death), furnucle |
| growths or tumors | granulomas or polyps osteomas or exostoses |
| middle ear- congenital disorders | absence or malformed ossicles, middle ear space, TM |
| middle ear -acquired disorders | otitis media TM perforations erosion of ossicles cholestiomas tympanosclerosis atelekatasis of middle ear space |
| types of otitis media | most common childhood illness serous (acute or chronic) suppurative (acute or chronic) |
| serous OM | collection of fluid -thickened or long standing |
| suppurative OM | infected fluid (usually bacteria) |
| steps of OM | E tube blocked, lack of O2 creates neg pressure, middle ear fills with fluid, fluid may or may not become infected, if E tube still doesn't open, fluid thickens and issue worsens |
| results of untreated OM | TM may burst to release pressure fluid may erode ossicles may erode tegmen tympani and cause brain abscess can cause atalektesis (neg pressure pulls TM inward and it wraps around ossicles) cholesteomas can occur polyps can develop PAIN facial nerve problems (chorda tympani) _tinny taste or change in way food tastes dizziness or unbalance can infect matoid air cells -mastoiditis |
| Atelektasis | neg pressure pulls TM inward and it wraps around ossicles |
| barotrauma | caused by a change in pressure |
| tumors of middle ear | benign glomus tympanicum -red massbehind ear drum glomus jugulare -arise from jugular fossa arise from glomus bodies associated with branches of nerves 9 and 10 |
| tympanosclerosis | scarring of TM cresent shaped wont cause hearing loss unless really bad bc of stiffness of scar |
| otosclerosis -middle ear | temporal bone disease -normal bone reabsorbed and replaced with spongy bone that may harden/calcify develops in isolated locations and most commonly affects oval window can result in ankylosis causes conductive hearing loss that is progressive |
| ankylosis | complete fixation of stapes in oval window |
| otosclerosis facts | autosomal dominant with 25-40% penetrance -runs in families shows up btwn 20s and 40s twice as common in women progression influenced by hormonal changes -pregnancy or menopause |
| otosclerosis treatments | hearing aid at early stages stapidotomy at later stages -surgery to remove stapes or drill hole through stapes and place man-made piston |
| acquired cholestoma of middle ear | squamous epithelium trapped behind TM appears as white mass behind TM must be removed surgically causes conductive hearing loss -usually high frequencies but can stiffen system and affect low frequencies as well |
| acquired cholestomas can form in 3 ways | retraction of TM ("retraction pocket" through superficial epithelium (through perforation) squamous epithelial complication -intro to mid ear after surgery , along PE tube, |
| tympanoplasty | patching of perforated TM |
| congenital acquired cholsteatoma | (of middle ear) developed due to entrapment of embryonic structure in TM can invade everything very invasive continues to grow if left and goes into ear canal |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.