| Term | Definition |
|---|
| cardiac output | how much blood the heart pumps each minute; depends on how many times the heart beats and how forcefully it contracts with each beat |
| stroke volume | amount of blood ejected from the heart with each individual contraction |
| heart rate | how often the heart beats each minute |
| chronotropic effect | anything that affects how fast the heart is beating |
| inotropic effect | anything that affects how forcefully the heart muscle contracts |
| baroreceptors | sends sensory (afferent) input to the cardiac control center |
| chemoreceptors | monitor the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration of blood |
| proprioreceptors | monitor the activity and position of limbs |
| parasympathetic motor neurons | conducts the action potentials from the cardioinhibitory center |
| sympathetic motor neurons | conducts action potentials from the cardioacceleratory center |
| ganglion | connection of synapses of the autonomic motor neurons |
| preganglionic neuron | conducts action potentials from the central nervous system to the ganglion |
| postganglionic neuron | conducts action potentials from the ganglion to the organ |
| cholinergic receptors | protein receptors that bind acetylcholine molecules; part of potassium channels |
| adrenergic receptors | membrane proteins that have the right shape to bind molecules of norepinephrine; part of sodium channels |
| norepinephrine | increase the strength of each contraction of cardiac muscle cells by causing the calcium channels to stay open longer |
| acetylcholine | decrease the strength of each contraction of cardiac muscle by causing their calcium channels to close faster |
Combine with other sets
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